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基于WSN的化工廠人員定位系統(tǒng)節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-06-11 14:47

  本文選題:室內(nèi)定位 + 無(wú)線測(cè)距; 參考:《杭州電子科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文


【摘要】:近些年化工事故發(fā)生率逐年上升,給人身財(cái)產(chǎn)都造成了不可挽回的損失。在復(fù)雜的化工生產(chǎn)區(qū)域中,如何最大限度地減少這些突發(fā)事件造成的損失,成了人們?nèi)找骊P(guān)切的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)事故發(fā)生時(shí),如果我們能在第一時(shí)間掌握廠區(qū)人員分布情況,將有助于快速開展救援搜救工作,極大降低人員傷亡,對(duì)挽救人員生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)意義重大。 文中立足無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù),通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)有定位技術(shù)方案的研究和比較,根據(jù)化工廠人員定位的需求,提出一種基于Zigbee網(wǎng)絡(luò)的室內(nèi)人員實(shí)時(shí)定位系統(tǒng),主要為了解決現(xiàn)有定位系統(tǒng)中存在的系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜、成本高和實(shí)時(shí)性差等問(wèn)題,并就人員定位系統(tǒng)中的網(wǎng)關(guān),參考節(jié)點(diǎn)和盲節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了功能實(shí)現(xiàn)和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。Zigbee是一種新興的低功耗,低數(shù)據(jù)率,低復(fù)雜度,低成本,高可靠的無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù),Zigbee的這些特性符合化工廠內(nèi)人員定位應(yīng)用的需求。論文主要工作如下: (1)對(duì)當(dāng)前主流室內(nèi)無(wú)線定位技術(shù)方案和定位系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)以及測(cè)距方法進(jìn)行了分析比較,結(jié)合化工廠人員定位需求,最終采用Zigbee技術(shù)對(duì)化工廠人員定位網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。 (2)通過(guò)對(duì)Zigbee技術(shù)深入研究,針對(duì)上一代Zigbee2006網(wǎng)絡(luò)存在的不足,采用ZigBee2007/PRO設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的定位系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)。該系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)具有更好的實(shí)時(shí)性,,適應(yīng)性,和靈活性等特點(diǎn),適合化工廠復(fù)雜的應(yīng)用環(huán)境。 (3)采用模塊化思想,利用CC2530射頻單片機(jī)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的盲節(jié)點(diǎn)、參考節(jié)點(diǎn)和網(wǎng)關(guān)節(jié)點(diǎn)的硬件電路進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。網(wǎng)關(guān)節(jié)點(diǎn)帶有LCD顯示與多向按鍵電路,滿足實(shí)地配置與調(diào)試的需要。盲節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)中以小型化便于攜帶和能源的高效利用為目標(biāo),通過(guò)性能與成本綜合比較,最終采用一種倒F型PCB天線,使用可充電鋰離子電池作為能量來(lái)源。 (4)通過(guò)對(duì)TI公司的Zstack協(xié)議棧架構(gòu)的研究,基于Zstack2007/pro實(shí)現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)盲節(jié)點(diǎn)、參考節(jié)點(diǎn)和網(wǎng)關(guān)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)組建和節(jié)點(diǎn)測(cè)距功能,并對(duì)節(jié)點(diǎn)工作流程進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)闡述。 (5)針對(duì)化工廠室內(nèi)人員定位系統(tǒng)需求,設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行初步測(cè)試。節(jié)點(diǎn)采用基于信號(hào)強(qiáng)度的RSSI測(cè)距方法。室內(nèi)和室外環(huán)境下測(cè)距實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果表明,節(jié)點(diǎn)在通信距離,測(cè)距精度,低功耗小型化等方面達(dá)到了預(yù)期效果,滿足室內(nèi)人員實(shí)時(shí)定位跟蹤的系統(tǒng)需求。最后根據(jù)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的分析,對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)中存在的不足和下一步研究工作提出了可行性建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the incidence of chemical accidents has increased year by year, which has caused irreparable loss to life and property. In the complex chemical production area, how to minimize the loss caused by these unexpected events has become a growing concern. When an accident occurs, if we can grasp the distribution of personnel in the factory area in the first place, it will help to carry out rescue and rescue work quickly and greatly reduce the number of casualties. It is of great significance to save people's lives and property. Based on the wireless sensor network technology, through the research and comparison of the existing positioning technology, according to the needs of the location of chemical plant personnel, This paper presents a real time positioning system for indoor personnel based on Zigbee network, which mainly aims to solve the problems of complex system, high cost and poor real time in the existing positioning system. The reference node and blind node are implemented and verified by experiments. Zigbee is a new wireless network technology with low power consumption, low data rate, low complexity, low cost and high reliability. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) this paper analyzes and compares the current mainstream indoor wireless positioning technology scheme, positioning system structure and ranging methods, and combines with the needs of chemical plant personnel positioning. Finally, Zigbee technology is used to design and implement the location network of chemical plant personnel. (2) through the deep research of Zigbee technology, aiming at the shortcomings of the previous generation Zigbee2006 network, a network-based positioning system structure is designed with ZigBee2007 / pro. The system structure has better real-time, adaptability, flexibility and so on. It is suitable for the complex application environment of chemical plant. It adopts modularization idea and uses CC2530 radio frequency microcontroller to the blind node in the network. The hardware circuit of reference node and gateway node is designed and implemented. The gateway node is equipped with LCD display and multi-directional keystroke circuit to meet the needs of field configuration and debugging. In the blind node design, aiming at miniaturization and efficient utilization of energy, an inverted F type PCB antenna is adopted through comprehensive comparison of performance and cost. Using the rechargeable lithium ion battery as the energy source. (4) based on the research of TI's Zstack protocol stack architecture, the system blind node, reference node and gateway network structure and node ranging function are realized based on Zstack2007 / pro. The node workflow is described in detail. (5) aiming at the requirement of indoor personnel positioning system in chemical plant, an experiment is designed to test the node. The RSSI ranging method based on signal strength is adopted. The results of indoor and outdoor ranging experiments show that the node achieves the desired results in the aspects of communication distance, ranging accuracy and miniaturization of low power consumption, and meets the needs of real-time positioning and tracking system for indoor personnel. Finally, based on the analysis of the experimental results, some feasible suggestions are put forward for the deficiency of the experiment and the further research work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號(hào)】:TN929.5;TQ086

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