本文選題：苯 + 職業(yè)衛(wèi)生��； 參考：《青島大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:近年來隨著自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)水平的提高和勞動(dòng)防護(hù)設(shè)施的改善,作業(yè)場(chǎng)所苯的濃度往往低于國家苯濃度限值,苯作業(yè)職工接觸呈現(xiàn)低濃度接觸。高于國家苯濃度限值危害一直是研究熱點(diǎn),低于國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值的危害也逐漸受到關(guān)注。為及時(shí)掌握嶗山區(qū)涉苯企業(yè)作業(yè)環(huán)境苯的濃度及企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理狀況,了解苯作業(yè)職工職業(yè)健康現(xiàn)狀,初步探究不同崗位、不同工齡苯作業(yè)職工血液指標(biāo)變化,進(jìn)行了該研究。方法:根據(jù)職業(yè)病危害申報(bào)系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)計(jì),嶗山區(qū)共有苯接觸工人400余人,涉苯企業(yè)規(guī)模多為小微企業(yè),行業(yè)涉及制鞋、印刷、汽車維修、機(jī)械組裝等。選取部分涉苯企業(yè),對(duì)其作業(yè)場(chǎng)所苯濃度進(jìn)行檢測(cè),對(duì)其作業(yè)場(chǎng)所檔案制度、責(zé)任體系、規(guī)章制度、管理機(jī)構(gòu)、申報(bào)管理、警示標(biāo)識(shí)、工作場(chǎng)所管理、防護(hù)設(shè)施及用品、培訓(xùn)、健康監(jiān)護(hù)等職業(yè)衛(wèi)生狀況進(jìn)行調(diào)查。從該部分企業(yè)選取211名苯作業(yè)職工為苯接觸組,按崗位工藝不同將入選的研究對(duì)象分為刷膠組和噴涂組,對(duì)苯作業(yè)職工的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生防治知、應(yīng)急處置、職業(yè)史、職業(yè)接觸史進(jìn)行調(diào)查。同時(shí)從企業(yè)中行政人員隨機(jī)選取53名非接觸苯職工為對(duì)照,依據(jù)《職業(yè)健康技術(shù)監(jiān)護(hù)規(guī)范》要求對(duì)苯接觸組及行政組工人血液指標(biāo)進(jìn)行調(diào)查。統(tǒng)計(jì)企業(yè)作業(yè)場(chǎng)所苯濃度、職業(yè)衛(wèi)生現(xiàn)場(chǎng)管理情況、工人認(rèn)知情況及不同組別間血液指標(biāo)的差異,從而對(duì)該區(qū)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生總體狀況進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果:1、所調(diào)查企業(yè)作業(yè)環(huán)境中,共計(jì)66份樣品,苯濃度均未超過國家濃度限值,企業(yè)職工接觸苯為低濃度接觸。2、企業(yè)檔案制度、責(zé)任體系、管理機(jī)構(gòu)、職業(yè)病申報(bào)、警示標(biāo)識(shí)設(shè)置、作業(yè)場(chǎng)所管理、防護(hù)設(shè)施及用品、健康培訓(xùn)、應(yīng)急處置、健康監(jiān)護(hù)等方面不健全,企業(yè)應(yīng)該加大對(duì)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生的重視與投入力度。3、嶗山區(qū)苯作業(yè)崗位白細(xì)胞異常率較高,所調(diào)查的211名職工中,均未診斷為職業(yè)病,刷膠崗位、噴涂崗位和行政組白細(xì)胞異常率分別為19.64%、7.14%和1.13%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05);4、所調(diào)查企業(yè)的刷膠崗位、噴涂崗位、行政組紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)分別為4.35×1012、4.50×1012和4.59×1012/L(P0.05),3組血紅蛋白分別為126.37、134.55和135.85 g/L,刷膠崗位血紅蛋白水平低于噴涂崗位與行政組,差異有顯著性(P0.01)。5、企業(yè)職工對(duì)職業(yè)病防治知識(shí)知曉率較低,職業(yè)病防治知識(shí)知曉率約為52%。結(jié)論:1、該區(qū)涉苯企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生基礎(chǔ)較薄弱,應(yīng)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)。2、低濃度苯也有血液毒性,暴露在低濃度環(huán)境的苯作業(yè)職工職業(yè)健康應(yīng)該引起重視。3、企業(yè)要提升職業(yè)衛(wèi)生教育培訓(xùn)水平及應(yīng)急處置能力,加大對(duì)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生的投入。4、紅細(xì)胞均數(shù)及血紅蛋白均數(shù)下降可能是接苯工人血液指標(biāo)早期改變的敏感指標(biāo)。5、政府部門應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)涉苯領(lǐng)域重點(diǎn)行業(yè)、重點(diǎn)企業(yè)進(jìn)行關(guān)注并進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)監(jiān)管。
[Abstract]:Objective: in recent years, with the improvement of automation production level and the improvement of labor protection facilities, the benzene concentration in the workplace is often lower than the national benzene concentration limit, and the exposure of workers exposed to benzene is in low concentration. The harm above the national benzene concentration limit is always a hot topic, and the harm below the national standard limit has been paid more and more attention. In order to understand the concentration of benzene in the working environment and occupational health management in Laoshan district, to understand the present situation of occupational health of workers exposed to benzene, and to explore the changes of blood indexes of workers exposed to benzene in different positions and different working years. The study was carried out. Methods: according to the statistics of occupational disease hazard declaration system, there were more than 400 workers exposed to benzene in Laoshan District. The scale of benzene enterprises was mostly small and micro enterprises, which involved shoe making, printing, automobile maintenance, mechanical assembly and so on. Some enterprises involved in benzene were selected to detect benzene concentration in their workplaces, and their workplace archives, liability system, rules and regulations, management agencies, declaration and management, warning signs, workplace management, protective facilities and supplies, training, etc. Health monitoring and other occupational hygiene conditions were investigated. 211 workers of benzene exposed to benzene were selected from this part of the enterprise as benzene exposure group. According to the different post technology, the selected subjects were divided into brush glue group and spray group. The occupational health prevention and cure, emergency disposal, occupational history of benzene workers were studied. The history of occupational contact was investigated. At the same time, 53 workers who were not exposed to benzene were randomly selected from the administrative staff as control, and the blood indexes of workers in benzene exposure group and administrative group were investigated according to occupational health technical monitoring standard. The concentration of benzene in the workplace, the management of occupational hygiene, the cognition of workers and the differences of blood indexes among different groups were analyzed in order to analyze the overall status of occupational health in this area. Results in the working environment of the enterprise investigated, 66 samples were collected, the concentration of benzene did not exceed the national concentration limit, the exposure of enterprise workers to benzene was low concentration, the enterprise file system, the responsibility system, the management organization, the occupational disease declaration, the enterprise worker exposure benzene low concentration contact. Warning signs, workplace management, protective facilities and supplies, health training, emergency disposal, health monitoring, etc. Enterprises should pay more attention to occupational health. 3. The abnormal rate of white blood cells in Laoshan area is high. None of 211 workers surveyed were diagnosed as occupational diseases. The abnormal rates of white blood cells in spraying posts and administrative groups were 19.64% and 1.13%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). The red blood cell counts in the administrative group were 4.35 脳 10 ~ (12) P _ (4.50 脳 1012) and 4.59 脳 10 ~ (12) L ~ (-1) L ~ (-1) P _ (0.05) and 135.85 g 路L ~ (-1), respectively. The hemoglobin level in the brushing position was lower than that in the spraying post and the administrative group, the difference was significant (P < 0.01). The awareness rate of occupational disease prevention knowledge was about 52%. Conclusion: the occupational health foundation of benzene related enterprises in this area is relatively weak. The occupational health infrastructure should be further strengthened. The low concentration of benzene also has blood toxicity. The occupational health of workers exposed to low concentration of benzene should be paid attention to. The enterprises should improve the level of occupational health education and training and the ability of emergency treatment. Increasing the investment in occupational health. The decrease of red blood cell average and hemoglobin mean may be the sensitive index of the early change of blood index of benzene exposed workers. Government departments should strengthen the key industries involved in benzene. Key enterprises pay attention to and conduct key supervision.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R134

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