本文選題：煤礦 + 瓦斯賦存　； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：瓦斯既是煤礦重要的致災(zāi)因素之一,又是重要的清潔能源。導(dǎo)致瓦斯災(zāi)害頻發(fā)的根本原因是瓦斯賦存規(guī)律認(rèn)識不清,而直接原因是瓦斯運(yùn)移規(guī)律認(rèn)識不清。針對此問題,運(yùn)用瓦斯地質(zhì)學(xué)、巖石力學(xué)、滲流力學(xué)和數(shù)值仿真等理論,采用理論分析、數(shù)值分析和現(xiàn)場實(shí)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的研究方法,以受力分析及力的作用結(jié)果為主線,圍繞煤礦瓦斯賦存和運(yùn)移的力學(xué)機(jī)制及應(yīng)用開展研究,取得了一些有意義的成果。 基于前人的研究成果,提出了瓦斯賦存地質(zhì)構(gòu)造逐級控制的力學(xué)解釋：瓦斯賦存受地質(zhì)構(gòu)造及其演化控制；構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場的性質(zhì)控制著構(gòu)造的性質(zhì)、范圍和強(qiáng)度,高級別構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場控制低級別構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場；通過研究各期構(gòu)造運(yùn)動應(yīng)力場及現(xiàn)代構(gòu)造應(yīng)力對構(gòu)造形成與性質(zhì)、煤體物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)等的影響,分離出構(gòu)造擠壓剪切區(qū)、拉張裂陷區(qū)；構(gòu)造擠壓剪切,易破壞煤體形成構(gòu)造煤,煤層透氣性低,利于瓦斯保存和瓦斯富集,控制著瓦斯突出危險(xiǎn)區(qū)分布；拉張裂陷,應(yīng)力釋放,煤巖層透氣性好,有利于瓦斯逸散。 系統(tǒng)研究了現(xiàn)代應(yīng)力作用下斷層、褶皺構(gòu)造對瓦斯賦存尤其瓦斯突出的影響。斷層附近是否具有突出危險(xiǎn)性主要取決于斷層走向與現(xiàn)代應(yīng)力的關(guān)系及構(gòu)造煤的厚度。斷層走向與最大主應(yīng)力平行時(shí),利于應(yīng)力釋放,有利于瓦斯釋放,但斷層尖滅端出現(xiàn)應(yīng)力集中,瓦斯保存條件相對較好,需預(yù)防瓦斯事故：隨著斷層走向與主應(yīng)力方向夾角的增大,擠壓應(yīng)力影響范圍隨之增大,突出危險(xiǎn)范圍也隨之增大；斷層走向與最大主應(yīng)力垂直時(shí),有利于斷層形成應(yīng)力閉合空間,煤層滲透性低,從而形成大范圍的瓦斯富集區(qū),突出危險(xiǎn)性最大。背斜兩翼一定范圍內(nèi)剪應(yīng)力集中,可能是造成該帶瓦斯突出嚴(yán)重的原因。 建立了礦井瓦斯涌出量反演瓦斯含量及含量取值方法,提出了基于瓦斯地質(zhì)圖的瓦斯資源量計(jì)算方法,已被應(yīng)用到國家能源局組織的全國煤礦瓦斯地質(zhì)圖編制中,計(jì)算了22省(區(qū)、市)瓦斯資源量,匯總了中國煤礦2000m以淺瓦斯資源量為29.17萬億m3。 基于含瓦斯煤巖破裂過程氣固耦合作用模型,采用RFPA-GAS軟件模擬了上保護(hù)層開采過程,實(shí)踐證明數(shù)值試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果和實(shí)測效果有較好的一致性。在保護(hù)層掘進(jìn)遇構(gòu)造破壞帶或與層間距較小時(shí),易引發(fā)瓦斯突出；回采時(shí),卸壓膨脹陡變帶底板巖體容易產(chǎn)生剪切破壞,遇構(gòu)造破壞帶或與層間距較小時(shí),易誘發(fā)瓦斯突出。同時(shí),將近距離上保護(hù)層底板分為4個(gè)滲流區(qū)：原始滲流區(qū)(原始應(yīng)力區(qū))——滲流減速減量區(qū)(壓縮區(qū))——滲流急劇增速增量區(qū)(卸壓膨脹陡變區(qū))——滲流平穩(wěn)增量區(qū)(卸壓膨脹平穩(wěn)區(qū))。 利用上述研究成果,結(jié)合平煤五礦實(shí)際,制定了保護(hù)層開采期間瓦斯抽采及相關(guān)措施,保證了保護(hù)層及被保護(hù)層采掘安全,實(shí)現(xiàn)了煤和瓦斯高效共采。
[Abstract]:Gas is not only one of the important disaster factors in coal mines, but also an important clean energy. The fundamental cause of frequent gas disasters is that the law of gas occurrence is not clear, but the direct reason is that the law of gas migration is not clear. In order to solve this problem, applying the theories of gas geology, rock mechanics, seepage mechanics and numerical simulation, and combining the theoretical analysis, numerical analysis and field experiment, the main line is the force analysis and the action result of the force. The research on mechanical mechanism and application of gas storage and migration in coal mines has made some significant achievements. Based on the previous research results, the mechanical interpretation of the progressive control of gas occurrence geological structure is put forward: the gas occurrence is controlled by geological structure and its evolution, and the nature of tectonic stress field controls the nature, scope and strength of the structure. The high-grade tectonic stress field controls the low-grade tectonic stress field, and by studying the influence of tectonic movement stress field and modern tectonic stress on the formation and properties of the structure, the physical and mechanical properties of coal body, the tectonic compression shear zone is separated. Tensioning rifting area; structure squeezing and shearing, easy to destroy coal body to form structural coal, low permeability of coal seam, favorable to gas preservation and gas enrichment, controlling distribution of gas outburst dangerous area, tension crack, stress release, good permeability of coal and rock strata, In favor of gas escape. The influence of fault and fold structure on gas occurrence, especially gas outburst, under modern stress is systematically studied. Whether there is outburst risk near a fault mainly depends on the relationship between fault strike and modern stress and the thickness of tectonic coal. When the strike of the fault is parallel to the maximum principal stress, it is favorable to the release of the stress and the gas release, but the stress concentration appears at the tip of the fault, and the condition of gas preservation is relatively good. Gas accidents need to be prevented: with the increase of the angle between fault strike and principal stress direction, the influence range of extrusion stress increases and the danger range of outburst increases; when the fault strike is perpendicular to the maximum principal stress, It is favorable to the formation of stress closed space for faults and low permeability of coal seam, thus forming a wide range of gas accumulation areas, with the greatest danger of outburst. Shear stress concentration in a certain range of anticline wings may be the cause of serious gas outburst. In this paper, the method of retrieving gas content and its value from mine gas emission is established, and the calculation method of gas resource quantity based on gas geological map is put forward, which has been applied to the compilation of national coal mine gas geological map organized by the State Energy Bureau. The amount of gas resource in 22 provinces (districts and cities) is calculated, and the amount of shallow gas resource in 2000m coal mine of China is 29.17 trillion m3. Based on the gas-solid coupling model of gas bearing coal and rock fracture process, the mining process of upper protective layer is simulated by RFPA-GAS software. The practice shows that the numerical test results are in good agreement with the measured results. It is easy to cause gas outburst in the excavation of protective layer when the structure failure zone or the interval with the layer is small, and when mining, the rock mass of the floor in the steep zone of pressure relief and expansion is prone to shearing failure, and the gas outburst is easy to be induced when the structural failure zone or the interval between the strata is small. At the same time, The bottom of the protective layer is divided into four percolation zones: the original seepage zone (original stress zone) -seepage deceleration reduction area (compression zone) -seepage rapid increase increment region (pressure relief expansion steep variable zone) -percolation steady. Incremental region (steady zone of pressure relief expansion). Based on the above research results and combined with the actual situation of the No. 5 coal mine, the gas extraction and related measures during the mining of the protective layer are formulated, which ensures the mining safety of the protective layer and the protected layer, and realizes the efficient co-mining of coal and gas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TD712.2

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