本文選題：化學(xué)工業(yè)園區(qū) + 疏散速度��； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近些年來(lái),全世界范圍內(nèi)的化學(xué)工業(yè)園區(qū)突發(fā)性災(zāi)害事故時(shí)有發(fā)生,化工災(zāi)害場(chǎng)景下的人員疏散行為研究、應(yīng)急疏散路徑規(guī)劃以及應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所的選址規(guī)劃問(wèn)題也日益得到了公共安全領(lǐng)域的高度重視。迄今為止,已經(jīng)提出了很多關(guān)于各種化工災(zāi)害下的人群疏散的微觀或宏觀模型研究,這些模型有利的推動(dòng)了化學(xué)工業(yè)園區(qū)應(yīng)急處置能力科技領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展。但是,關(guān)于可視性情況受損情況下不同性別的疏散人員的疏散速度的研究,結(jié)合毒氣擴(kuò)散影響的應(yīng)急疏散路徑規(guī)劃以及綜合的多目標(biāo)的應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所的選址問(wèn)題三個(gè)層面的研究目前相對(duì)較少,因此,這三個(gè)方面將是本研究的研究重點(diǎn)。 在可見(jiàn)度受損情況下的不同性別的人員疏散速度的研究方面,本文在教室內(nèi)進(jìn)行了小規(guī)模模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),并用攝像機(jī)記錄了整個(gè)疏散過(guò)程。在此基礎(chǔ)上研究了性別對(duì)疏散速度的影響。年輕女性志愿者在可視性情況良好狀況下的疏散速度是0.92m/s,當(dāng)可見(jiàn)度受損時(shí),疏散速度變?yōu)?.42m/s；此外,年輕男性志愿者在可視性情況良好狀況下的疏散速度是0.91m/s,當(dāng)可見(jiàn)度受損時(shí),疏散速度變?yōu)?.69m/s.同時(shí)通過(guò)分析整體數(shù)據(jù)可以發(fā)現(xiàn)疏散過(guò)程中的人群速度分布服從高斯分布。該實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的獲得有助于建立結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部布置類似于教室場(chǎng)景的建筑物內(nèi)的人員疏散模型,如：化學(xué)工業(yè)園區(qū)、體育館、健身房等。 在毒性泄漏擴(kuò)散場(chǎng)景下的應(yīng)急疏散路徑規(guī)劃方面,本文首先建立了疏散決策系統(tǒng)的理論模型,同時(shí)提出了確定應(yīng)急疏散范圍的方法。在毒氣泄漏擴(kuò)散的情況下,最佳的應(yīng)急疏散路徑是人群在疏散過(guò)程中吸入的毒氣濃度最小,在此理論基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一個(gè)參數(shù)Dvi-vj用于量化應(yīng)急疏散路徑上毒氣濃度對(duì)疏散人員的健康傷害,并結(jié)合高斯模型提出了毒氣擴(kuò)散場(chǎng)景下的路徑規(guī)劃模型,并通過(guò)與現(xiàn)有的模型進(jìn)行比較,證明了本文提出的疏散模型適用范圍更廣也更加精確。同時(shí)本文提出的模型也可以用于化學(xué)工業(yè)園區(qū)的性能化設(shè)計(jì)。 在化學(xué)工業(yè)園區(qū)應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所的研究方面,本文建立了適用于化學(xué)工業(yè)園區(qū)應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所選址的運(yùn)輸-選址問(wèn)題(transportation-location problem, TLP問(wèn)題)。同時(shí)提出了TLP問(wèn)題的緊急決策過(guò)程的理論模型�；@區(qū)的TLP問(wèn)題是一個(gè)多目標(biāo)的選址問(wèn)題,包含多個(gè)子目標(biāo),如社會(huì)脆弱性、通行概率以及時(shí)間滿意度。各個(gè)受災(zāi)區(qū)域根據(jù)人員脆弱性模型形成一個(gè)優(yōu)先級(jí)層次結(jié)構(gòu)。此外,該模型還要求滿足疏散過(guò)程中的時(shí)間滿意度最大以及通行概率的整體最大。通過(guò)研究表明本文提出的模型靈活且適用性強(qiáng)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, sudden disasters and accidents have occurred in chemical industrial parks all over the world. The problem of emergency evacuation path planning and emergency shelter location planning has been paid more and more attention in the field of public safety. Up to now, a lot of micro or macro models on evacuation of people under various chemical disasters have been put forward. These models have promoted the development of emergency response capacity of chemical industrial park. However, the study on the speed of evacuation of evacuees of different sexes in the event of impaired visibility, There are few researches on emergency evacuation path planning combined with the influence of gas diffusion and comprehensive multi-objective emergency shelter location problem. Therefore, these three aspects will be the focus of this study. In the study of evacuation speed of different genders under the condition of impaired visibility, a small scale simulation experiment was carried out in the classroom, and the whole evacuation process was recorded by video camera. On this basis, the influence of gender on evacuation speed was studied. The evacuation rate of young female volunteers in good visibility was 0.92 m / s, and when visibility was impaired, the evacuation rate was 0.42 m / s; in addition, when the visibility was good, the evacuation rate of young male volunteers was 0.91m / s, and when visibility was impaired, The evacuation speed was 0.69 m / s. At the same time, by analyzing the whole data, we can find the velocity distribution of the crowd in the evacuation process from the Gao Si distribution. The data from the experiment can be used to build evacuation models in buildings with similar interior layout to classroom settings, such as chemical industrial parks, gymnasiums, and so on. In the aspect of emergency evacuation path planning in toxic leakage diffusion scenario, the theoretical model of evacuation decision system is established, and the method of determining emergency evacuation range is proposed. In the case of gas leakage and diffusion, the best emergency evacuation path is that the concentration of toxic gas inhaled by the crowd during evacuation is the smallest. On the basis of this theory, In this paper, a parameter Dvi-vj is proposed to quantify the health damage caused by the concentration of toxic gas on the emergency evacuation path, and the path planning model in the scenario of gas diffusion is proposed by combining with the Gao Si model, and the model is compared with the existing model. It is proved that the proposed evacuation model is more applicable and accurate. At the same time, the model proposed in this paper can also be used in the performance design of chemical industrial park. In this paper, a transportation-location problem, TLP problem, which is suitable for the location of emergency shelter in chemical industrial park is established. At the same time, a theoretical model of emergency decision process for TLP problem is proposed. The TLP problem of chemical park is a multi-objective location problem, which includes many sub-objectives, such as social vulnerability, probability of passage and time satisfaction. Each affected area forms a priority hierarchy according to the personnel vulnerability model. In addition, the model also needs to satisfy the maximum time satisfaction and overall traffic probability in the evacuation process. The research shows that the proposed model is flexible and applicable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TQ086

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1920685