本文選題：數(shù)值模擬 + 建筑火災(zāi)　； 參考：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著城市化進(jìn)程的不斷加速,使得各類建筑迅猛增多,火災(zāi)危害性增加。而自動(dòng)水噴淋系統(tǒng)由于其敏感度高、滅火可靠、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用、易于維護(hù)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)在建筑防滅火領(lǐng)域被普遍使用。了解水噴淋對(duì)火災(zāi)流場(chǎng)的影響規(guī)律,能夠?yàn)橐?guī)范布置噴頭提供理論依據(jù),以發(fā)揮噴淋系統(tǒng)的最佳控火效果。 本文借助FDS數(shù)值模擬軟件,在流體力學(xué)理論的基礎(chǔ)之上,對(duì)某閱覽室火災(zāi)時(shí)不同工況參數(shù)的改變對(duì)火災(zāi)流場(chǎng)的影響進(jìn)行理論分析和模擬研究,以得出不同工況參數(shù)對(duì)火災(zāi)流場(chǎng)的影響規(guī)律。首先,在煙氣蔓延理論與噴淋噴灑理論的基礎(chǔ)上,指出火災(zāi)煙氣對(duì)人員逃生的危害性,并給出噴淋水滴的拖拽力會(huì)造成煙氣層紊亂,發(fā)生“煙氣擁塞”,進(jìn)而形成“擁塞射流”、“尾流”等阻礙火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)人員的安全疏散。然后,結(jié)合某閱覽室的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)概況合理的劃分網(wǎng)格、選取模擬時(shí)間,并選擇適當(dāng)?shù)幕馂?zāi)荷載、火災(zāi)發(fā)展模型和噴淋參數(shù),設(shè)置了8個(gè)不同噴淋場(chǎng)景,并利用PyroSim、FDS模擬工具,建立了閱覽室噴淋作用下火災(zāi)流場(chǎng)模擬模型。最后,將8種不同火災(zāi)工況進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,分析模擬結(jié)果。 總結(jié)得出：水噴淋的啟動(dòng)不僅對(duì)閱覽室火災(zāi)發(fā)展有明顯的抑制作用,還可以將火災(zāi)熱煙氣控制在頂棚附近,保障了非火源區(qū)域的人員疏散安全,但同時(shí)會(huì)阻礙煙氣排放,加快煙氣層的增厚速度,加快能見(jiàn)度的下降,并致使產(chǎn)生大量的CO,但是整個(gè)過(guò)程中的CO濃度峰值有所降低；相同噴淋間距,增加單個(gè)噴頭流量,可以小幅度的降低煙氣溫度,同時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致CO濃度的略微升高和室內(nèi)煙氣流的紊亂,使得火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)更加混亂；相同單個(gè)噴頭流量,縮短噴淋間距,能降低溫度峰值,減慢煙氣溫度的上升速度,同時(shí)也會(huì)使得室內(nèi)的煙氣紊流加劇,導(dǎo)致CO濃度升高。研究過(guò)程和結(jié)論可為其他類似建筑物場(chǎng)景消防安全設(shè)計(jì)提供參考性依據(jù),對(duì)引導(dǎo)人員安全疏散救援有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, all kinds of buildings are increasing rapidly and the fire hazard is increasing. The automatic water spray system is widely used in the field of building fire prevention and extinguishing because of its high sensitivity, reliable fire extinguishing, economical and practical, easy to maintain and so on. Understanding the influence law of water spray on fire flow field can provide theoretical basis for the standard layout of sprinkler, so as to give play to the best fire control effect of sprinkler system. Based on the theory of hydrodynamics, this paper makes theoretical analysis and simulation study on the influence of different working conditions parameters on the fire flow field in a reading room based on the FDS numerical simulation software. The effects of different operating conditions on the fire flow field are obtained. First of all, on the basis of the theory of smoke spread and spray spraying, this paper points out the harm of fire smoke to the escape of personnel, and points out that the drag force of spray water droplets will cause the smoke layer disorder and "smoke congestion". The formation of "congestion jet", "wake" and other obstacles to the safe evacuation of fire site personnel. Then, combining with the reasonable grid of a reading room, selecting the simulation time, choosing the appropriate fire load, fire development model and sprinkler parameters, eight different sprinkler scenes are set up, and the simulation tools of PyroSim-FDS are used. The simulation model of fire flow field under the action of sprinkling in reading room is established. Finally, eight different fire conditions are simulated and the simulation results are analyzed. It is concluded that the start-up of water spray can not only restrain the development of the reading room fire, but also control the fire hot smoke near the roof, which ensures the safety of evacuation in the non-fire area, but also hinders the smoke emission. Accelerate the thickening speed of smoke layer, accelerate the decrease of visibility, and cause a large amount of CO-producing, but the peak value of CO concentration in the whole process is reduced; the same spray spacing and increasing the flow rate of a single sprinkler can reduce the flue gas temperature by a small margin. At the same time, it will lead to a slight increase in CO concentration and disturbance of indoor smoke flow, which will make the fire site more chaotic. The same single nozzle flow rate, shortening spray spacing, can reduce the peak temperature and slow down the rising speed of flue gas temperature. At the same time, the indoor flue gas turbulence will be intensified, resulting in the increase of CO concentration. The research process and conclusion can provide reference basis for other similar building scene fire safety design, and have certain practical significance to guide personnel safety evacuation and rescue.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU892;TU998.1

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