本文選題：鐵路公路 + 震害��； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：鐵路、公路是生命線(xiàn)工程的重要組成部分,如果在地震災(zāi)害中遭受破壞,往往會(huì)造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,并且對(duì)抗震救災(zāi)工作將產(chǎn)生不可估量的影響。目前,已有許多學(xué)者研究了建筑物的震害損失評(píng)估方法,而對(duì)于鐵路、公路系統(tǒng)震害損失的災(zāi)前預(yù)測(cè)及災(zāi)后快速評(píng)估研究較少。因此,鐵路、公路的震害損失預(yù)測(cè)研究是具有顯著社會(huì)及經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的重要工作。本文主要完成了以下工作：1.將鐵路系統(tǒng)分為橋梁、路基、隧道、軌道及車(chē)站5個(gè)部分,對(duì)每部分的結(jié)構(gòu)震害特征及其機(jī)理進(jìn)行了歸納和分析。2.通過(guò)選取的7個(gè)影響橋梁震害的主要因素,構(gòu)建了計(jì)算橋梁震害指數(shù)的方法；并采用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)中的多元線(xiàn)性回歸分析法以及汶川地震27座橋梁的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和震害調(diào)查資料,確定了震害影響因子的系數(shù)值；根據(jù)震害指數(shù)、破壞等級(jí)及破壞損失比建立了橋梁震害直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失模型。以框架結(jié)構(gòu)和磚混結(jié)構(gòu)為主,采用何玉林提出的結(jié)構(gòu)破壞比矩陣,提出了鐵路車(chē)站房屋震害的直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失預(yù)測(cè)方法。根據(jù)9條在汶川地震中震害比較嚴(yán)重而且調(diào)查資料比較詳細(xì)的隧道資料,確定了隧道各個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)在不同烈度下的破壞比,并通過(guò)各個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞比、長(zhǎng)度及相應(yīng)的重建單價(jià)得到了隧道震害的直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失模型。3.針對(duì)山區(qū)鐵路、公路的特點(diǎn),在傳統(tǒng)的路基震害損失預(yù)測(cè)模型中提出應(yīng)將’山地災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)考慮在內(nèi)。利用國(guó)道G213線(xiàn)都江堰—映秀公路的震害調(diào)查資料和勘察設(shè)計(jì)圖紙,運(yùn)用MATLAB軟件計(jì)算得出路基震害因子的量化值；利用各個(gè)工段的震害等級(jí)和震害指數(shù)值,歸納得到路基的震害指數(shù)值和破壞等級(jí)的關(guān)系,并結(jié)合規(guī)范確定的破壞比建立了路基震害直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失模型。將其運(yùn)用于水磨支線(xiàn)公路的震害損失預(yù)測(cè)中,說(shuō)明了模型的合理性和實(shí)用性。4.提出采用列車(chē)通過(guò)能力的下降來(lái)計(jì)算鐵路震害的間接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。得到了鐵路系統(tǒng)在遭遇地震后的線(xiàn)路通過(guò)能力示意圖,并確定了計(jì)算線(xiàn)路通過(guò)能力損失值的公式。引入列車(chē)牽引定數(shù)將通過(guò)能力損失值轉(zhuǎn)換為鐵路運(yùn)輸周轉(zhuǎn)量,并結(jié)合鐵路每噸每公里的運(yùn)輸收入,即可計(jì)算出受災(zāi)線(xiàn)路的短期經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,從而建立了鐵路震害的間接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失預(yù)測(cè)模型。
[Abstract]:Railway and highway is an important part of lifeline engineering. If it is damaged in earthquake disaster, it will cause huge economic losses, and will have an inestimable effect on earthquake relief work. At present, many scholars have studied the methods of earthquake damage assessment for buildings, but for railway and highway systems, the prediction of earthquake damage before and the rapid assessment after disaster are few. Therefore, the prediction of earthquake damage loss of railway and highway is an important work with remarkable social and economic benefits. This paper mainly completed the following work: 1. The railway system is divided into five parts: bridge, roadbed, tunnel, track and station. Through the selection of 7 main factors affecting bridge damage, the method of calculating bridge damage index is constructed, and the multivariate linear regression analysis method in mathematical statistics and the basic data and earthquake damage investigation data of 27 bridges in Wenchuan earthquake are adopted. Based on the earthquake damage index, damage grade and damage loss ratio, the direct economic loss model of bridge earthquake damage is established. Based on the frame structure and brick-concrete structure, the direct economic loss prediction method of railway station buildings is put forward by using the structural damage ratio matrix proposed by he Yulin. According to 9 tunnel data which are more serious in Wenchuan earthquake and more detailed in investigation data, the damage ratio of each tunnel structure under different intensity is determined, and through the damage ratio of each structure, The direct economic loss model of tunnel damage is obtained by the length and the corresponding unit price of reconstruction. In view of the characteristics of railway and highway in mountainous area, it is suggested that the risk of mountain disaster should be taken into account in the traditional prediction model of subgrade earthquake damage loss. By using the survey data of Dujiangyan and Yingxiu Highway of National Highway G213, the quantitative value of subgrade earthquake damage factor is calculated by using MATLAB software, and the earthquake damage grade and index value of each section are used. The relationship between earthquake damage index value and damage grade of roadbed is summarized, and the direct economic loss model of subgrade earthquake damage is established in combination with the damage ratio determined by the code. It is applied to the prediction of earthquake damage loss of Shuimo branch highway, and the rationality and practicability of the model are illustrated. The indirect economic loss of railway earthquake damage is calculated by using the decrease of train passing capacity. The schematic diagram of railway line passing capacity after the earthquake is obtained, and the formula for calculating the loss value of railway line passing capacity is determined. With the introduction of train traction numbers, the loss value of train capacity will be converted into the railway transport turnover, and combined with the transport income per ton per kilometre of the railway, the short-term economic losses of the affected lines can be calculated. Thus the indirect economic loss prediction model of railway earthquake damage is established.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P315.9;X951

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