本文選題：煤常溫氧化 + CO產生規(guī)律��； 參考：《太原理工大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：神東礦區(qū)是我國13個億噸礦區(qū)之一，所屬礦井均為全國一流的現(xiàn)代化高產高效礦井，公司年產煤炭達2億噸，主要開采的煤種為變質程度較低的長焰煤和不粘煤，開采煤層均為容易自燃和自燃煤層。由于礦井產量大、采空區(qū)面積大、煤層極易氧化等原因，，綜采面回風隅角經常出現(xiàn)CO積聚并導致CO持續(xù)超限（超過《煤礦安全規(guī)程》規(guī)定的最高允許濃度24ppm），干擾煤自燃預測預報，同時給現(xiàn)場制定科學有效的防滅火和綜采面回風隅角CO管理和控制措施帶來了困惑，嚴重影響礦井安全生產。綜采面采空區(qū)CO產生規(guī)律、積聚及運移規(guī)律一直是礦井火災防治的關鍵科學問題，論文以神東礦區(qū)為研究對象，圍繞煤煤常溫氧化CO產生規(guī)律，采空區(qū)CO積聚、運移規(guī)律，綜采面回風隅角CO安全及自燃預警濃度，CO控制技術和管控標準開展研究，為解決長期困擾我國西北、華北等重點產煤基地日常生產中CO超限與自然發(fā)火關系的問題，制定符合現(xiàn)場實際的礦井防滅火技術管理標準提供依據(jù)。得到以下主要結論： （1）通過理論分析、現(xiàn)場觀測發(fā)現(xiàn)，神東礦區(qū)綜采面生產期間回風隅角CO較檢修期間超限嚴重，相比CO濃度高出約10～20ppm。留頂煤采煤方法CO超限最為嚴重，一次采全高工作面基本上未產生CO超限。神東礦區(qū)綜采面回風隅角CO來源是采空區(qū)浮煤常溫氧化、膠輪車尾氣、采煤機割煤破碎煤體產生，其中采空區(qū)浮煤常溫氧化是主要來源。采空區(qū)浮煤常溫氧化造成工作面回風隅角CO濃度達80～150ppm，占76%；密集車輛時間段膠輪車尾氣造成工作面回風隅角CO達10～20ppm，占18%；采煤機割煤破碎煤體造成工作面回風隅角CO達10ppm，占6%。 （2）通過現(xiàn)場采樣、實驗室分析對神東礦區(qū)開采煤層原始賦存CO含量進行了測定，結果表明：神東礦區(qū)煤層中原生賦存的CO含量極少，含量在0.42～0.52×10-6cm3/g，由于神東礦區(qū)綜采工作面配風量較大，在1000～3000m3/min變化，因此，煤層中原生賦存的CO不會導致綜采面回風隅角CO持續(xù)超限。 （3）研制開發(fā)了煤常溫氧化實驗裝置，現(xiàn)場采樣，并進行了5個典型煤層煤樣（1.3kg）常溫封閉氧化試驗。研究結果表明：神東礦區(qū)煤在小于20℃的常溫環(huán)境下能產生CO并消耗一定量的O2，在溫度基本保持不變的條件下，CO濃度逐漸升高，一定時間后達到一定濃度值后保持穩(wěn)定，煤樣產生CO濃度最大值為154～425ppm，濃度穩(wěn)定時間一般在380～980min。隨著氧化的進行，產生CO速率逐漸下降，下降到一定程度后CO的累積濃度不再上升，穩(wěn)定在一定的水平。各煤樣產生CO速率平均為0.56～1.64cm3/（min·m3）。消耗O2速率和生成CO速率呈正比，不同煤樣消耗O2速率不同，一般為0.36～1.30l/（min·m3）。 （4）通過對煤常溫下惰性氣氛下CO脫附實驗和氧化環(huán)境下的多次氧化實驗研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)煤解吸與煤氧化過程中的CO釋放速率具有相似的過程，第一個小時內CO的釋放速率銳減，一段時間之后，CO釋放速率的減少趨勢放緩，并逐步趨于穩(wěn)定，并通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，煤的常溫氧化是CO釋放的主要原因。常溫氧化實驗過程中CO釋放速率的倒數(shù)與時間的對數(shù)成線性關系,因此CO的釋放速率與時間的關系可表示為RCO=a/lnt-b,可通過此公式可定量的研究CO釋放速率與氧化時間關系。 (5)煤常溫下多次氧化實驗表明：CO的釋放速率除了受到氧氣濃度和煤體表面活性位點的影響外,主要受到煤氧產生抑制反應的氧化產物影響。當這些氧化產物排空消除后,煤氧反應進程重新恢復,CO釋放速率上升。這一結論證明采空區(qū)浮煤反復在采空區(qū)漏風流的作用下不斷地產生CO并隨著采空區(qū)漏風運移到工作面回風隅角,從而導致綜采面回風隅角CO持續(xù)超限。 (6)通過建立基于氧氣消耗速率與氧氣濃度的關系函數(shù),獲得了煤常溫下CO產生機理,煤的常溫氧化機制分為五個階段——“化學反應控制機制”、“過渡期”、“擴散控制機制”、“抑制控制機制”和“類燃燒反應機制”研究結果可以為綜采面回風隅角CO超限治理提供理論依據(jù)。 (7)通過對綜采工作面采空區(qū)CO、O2氣體的現(xiàn)場觀測,并結合煤常溫氧化實驗結果,確定了采空區(qū)CO產生的危險區(qū)域,采空區(qū)中CO氣體濃度在距離工作面60～100m的位置出現(xiàn)最大值,一般在71～230ppm間,然后在120m穩(wěn)定,CO在50ppm以內。 (8)通過建立工作面不同推進位置時的3D氣體運移CFD模型,研究分析了U型通風工作面氣體分布特征,在此基礎上,模擬分析了U型通風工作面采空區(qū)不同位置煤氧化產生CO氣體在采空區(qū)的分布特征,得出了CO氣體在采空區(qū)的運移規(guī)律。 (9)在大量的實驗和現(xiàn)場觀測的基礎上,建立了神東礦區(qū)綜采面回風隅角CO安全及自燃預警濃度預測模型： 利用該模型計算確定了神東礦區(qū)綜采面回風隅角CO安全及自燃預警濃度值,并與現(xiàn)場測定結果相吻合。確定了神東礦區(qū)綜采工作面正�；夭蓵r回風隅角CO安全濃度為85ppm,自燃預警濃度為350ppm。 (10)在對神東礦區(qū)開采技術條件及煤自燃特點,在大量現(xiàn)場觀測、實驗室研究、理論分析計算的基礎上,結合神東礦區(qū)現(xiàn)有的防滅火技術裝備條件,編制了《神東礦區(qū)防滅火管理規(guī)定》。該管理規(guī)定給神東礦區(qū)防滅火工作提供了科學的依據(jù),對神華集團及我國類似條件礦井防滅火技術管理具有借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:The Shendong mining area is one of 13 million ton mining areas in China. All the mines belong to the first-class modern high production and high efficiency mine in China. The company produces 2 million tons of coal annually. The main coal mining is long flame coal and non stick coal with low metamorphic degree. The coal seam is easy to burn and spontaneous combustion coal seam. Because of the large coal mine production, the large area of goaf and the coal seam pole Because of easy oxidation and other reasons, CO accumulation often occurs in the corner corner of the fully mechanized mining face and leads to the continuous overlimit of CO (exceeding the maximum allowable concentration of 24ppm stipulated in the coal mine safety regulations >). It interferes with the prediction of coal spontaneous combustion and brings puzzles to the field of making a scientific and effective fire prevention and recovery corner CO management and control measures, which seriously affect the mine. Safety production. The rule of CO production in the mining area of fully mechanized mining area, accumulation and migration law is the key scientific problem in mine fire prevention and control. The thesis takes the Shendong mining area as the research object, around the coal coal coal at normal temperature oxidation CO rule, the accumulation of CO in the goaf, the migration law, the CO safety and spontaneous combustion early warning concentration in the corner corner of the fully mechanized coal face, CO control technology and control In order to solve the problem of the relationship between CO overlimit and natural fire in the daily production of key coal producing bases in Northwest China, North China and other key coal production bases, the standard development research provides the basis for making the mine fire prevention and extinguishing technology management standards in line with the actual field. The following main conclusions are obtained:
(1) through the theoretical analysis, the field observation shows that the CO of the return air corner of the fully mechanized coal mining face during the production of the Shendong mining area is more serious than the overhaul during the maintenance period. Compared with the CO concentration higher than the concentration of 10 to 20ppm. with the top coal mining method, the CO overlimit is most serious, and the first full height working face has not produced the CO exceeding the limit basically. The origin of the corner corner of the return air in the fully mechanized coal mining face in Shendong mining area is the floating area floating area floats. Coal at normal temperature oxidation, rubber wheel vehicle tail gas and coal shearer broken coal are produced. The main source is the atmospheric oxidation of coal floating coal at normal temperature in goaf. The CO concentration of the return air corner of the working face is 80 ~ 150ppm, accounting for 76%, and the exhaust gas of the time section of dense vehicles is 10 to 20ppm, accounting for 18%, and the coal mining machine. The CO of the working face return to the wind can reach 10ppm, accounting for 6%.
(2) through field sampling, the original CO content of coal seam mining in Shendong mining area was measured by laboratory analysis. The results showed that the original CO content in coal seam in Shendong mining area was very small and the content was 0.42 to 0.52 x 10-6cm3/g. Because of the large amount of air distribution in the fully mechanized coal mining face in Shendong mining area, the change of the coal seam was 1000 to 3000m3/min, so the coal seam was born in Central China. The stored CO will not lead to continuous overrun of CO in the return corner of fully mechanized face.
(3) the experimental equipment for oxidation of coal at normal temperature was developed and sampled, and 5 typical coal seam coal samples (1.3KG) were tested at normal temperature. The results showed that the coal in Shendong mining area could produce CO and consume a certain amount of O2 under the ambient temperature less than 20 C, and the concentration of CO increased gradually when the temperature base was kept unchanged. After a certain concentration is reached, the maximum CO concentration of coal sample is 154 ~ 425ppm, and the time of concentration stability is generally 380 ~ 980min. with oxidation, and the rate of CO decreases gradually. After a certain degree, the cumulative concentration of CO is no longer rising and stable at a fixed level. The average CO rate of each coal sample is 0.56 ~ 1.64. Cm3/ (min. M3). The rate of O2 consumption is proportional to the rate of CO formation, and the rate of O2 consumption of different coal samples is different, generally 0.36 to 1.30l/ (min. M3).
(4) it is found that the release rate of CO in the process of coal desorption and coal oxidation has a similar process by CO desorption experiment under inert atmosphere at normal temperature and oxidation environment, and the release rate of CO decreases sharply in the first hour. After a period of time, the decreasing trend of CO release rate slows down, and gradually tends to stabilize, and pass through. After study, it is found that the oxidation of coal at normal temperature is the main reason for the release of CO. The reciprocal of the release rate of CO in the process of atmospheric oxidation is linear with the logarithm of the logarithm of time, so the relationship between the release rate of CO and the time can be expressed as RCO=a/lnt-b, and the relation between the release rate of CO and the oxidation time can be quantitatively studied by this formula.
(5) multiple oxidation experiments at coal at normal temperature show that the release rate of CO is mainly influenced by oxygen concentration and the surface active site of coal, which is mainly influenced by the oxidation products of coal oxygen inhibition. When these oxidation products are eliminated, the process of coal oxygen reaction is resumed and the release rate of CO rises. This conclusion proves that the goaf is in the goaf. The floating coal constantly produces CO under the action of leakage flow in the goaf, and moves to the corner of the return air in the working face with the air leakage in the goaf, which leads to the continuous overlimit of the CO in the return corner of the fully mechanized face.
(6) by establishing a relationship function based on oxygen consumption rate and oxygen concentration, the mechanism of CO production at normal temperature is obtained. The mechanism of coal atmospheric oxidation is divided into five stages: "chemical reaction control mechanism", "transition period", "diffusion control mechanism", "inhibition control mechanism" and "type combustion reaction mechanism" results can be found. It provides theoretical basis for CO overrun in the corner of fully mechanized mining face.
(7) through the field observation of CO and O2 gas in the goaf of fully mechanized coal mining face, and combining with the experimental results of coal atmospheric oxidation, the dangerous area produced by CO in the goaf is determined. The maximum value of CO gas concentration in the goaf is in the range of 60 to 100m from the working face, usually between 71 and 230ppm, and then in 120m and CO in 50ppm.
(8) through the establishment of the 3D gas migration CFD model in different position of the working face, the gas distribution characteristics of the U ventilation face are studied and analyzed. On this basis, the distribution characteristics of CO gas in the goaf are simulated and analyzed in different positions of the goaf of the U ventilation working face, and the migration law of CO gas in the goaf is obtained.
(9) based on a large number of experiments and field observations, a prediction model for early warning of CO safety and spontaneous combustion in the corner of fully mechanized mining face in Shendong mining area is established.
The early warning concentration of CO safety and spontaneous combustion in the return air corner of fully mechanized coal mining face in Shendong mining area is calculated by this model, and it is in agreement with the results of field measurement. The safety concentration of CO in the corner of the return air corner of the fully mechanized coal mining face in Shendong mining area is 85PPM, and the early warning concentration of spontaneous combustion is 350ppm.
(10) on the basis of a large amount of field observation, laboratory research, theoretical analysis and calculation on the technical conditions and coal spontaneous combustion characteristics of Shendong mining area, combining with the existing conditions of fire prevention and extinguishing technology and equipment in Shendong mining area, the regulations for the management of fire prevention and extinguishing in Shendong mining area have been compiled. The management rules provide a scientific basis for the fire prevention and extinguishing work in the Shendong mining area. It has reference significance for Shenhua Group and similar mine in China.

【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD752.2

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