本文選題：人員疏散 + 多障礙物房間　； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：人口的增長(zhǎng)使得高層建筑和諸如影劇院、體育館和會(huì)議大廳等公共場(chǎng)所迅速發(fā)展起來(lái),這些類型的建筑場(chǎng)所內(nèi)通常會(huì)聚集有大規(guī)模人群,一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi)等緊急情況需進(jìn)行人員疏散時(shí),如何快速、有效、安全地疏散處于危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)的群體成為近年來(lái)研究的熱點(diǎn)。由于建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的特性,存在座椅等障礙物房間內(nèi)的疏散,高層建筑的豎直疏散和管理策略等問(wèn)題顯得尤其重要。 本文針對(duì)建筑物內(nèi)的多障礙物房間、樓梯和電梯等典型區(qū)域開(kāi)展人員疏散特性和疏散策略的研究,旨在對(duì)建筑內(nèi)緊急疏散時(shí)的行為特性、疏散時(shí)間和行人流流動(dòng)狀態(tài)等進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析,為建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和緊急疏散時(shí)的人群管理提供建議和科學(xué)支持。 諸如教室、影劇院、會(huì)議大廳和體育館等室內(nèi)有眾多規(guī)則排列座椅的多障礙物房間,緊急疏散時(shí)內(nèi)部布局對(duì)疏散效率應(yīng)有顯著影響�；诖�,本文首先開(kāi)展了考慮初始人員分布、遠(yuǎn)程聲音信息和特殊小群體的融合了室內(nèi)、走廊和樓梯的疏散實(shí)驗(yàn)。對(duì)個(gè)體疏散時(shí)間、疏散路線以及出口選擇的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：中間過(guò)渡出口的選擇和最終出口的選擇之間存在強(qiáng)的正相關(guān)性(相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.936),當(dāng)疏散目的地不明確時(shí),中間過(guò)渡出口的選擇影響最終出口的選擇；而疏散目的地明確時(shí),最終出口的選擇控制著中間過(guò)渡出口的選擇。此外,室內(nèi)疏散時(shí)對(duì)同一排的人員存在一分叉點(diǎn),分叉點(diǎn)的位置偏離出口側(cè)。 隨后針對(duì)多障礙物房間結(jié)構(gòu)特性提出的考慮過(guò)道因素的改進(jìn)疏散模型可以很好地模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,比如出口選擇性均衡系數(shù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果為22.6%,而模擬結(jié)果為20.4%。模擬還發(fā)現(xiàn)：疏散過(guò)程中堵塞常發(fā)生于橫向和縱向過(guò)道的交叉區(qū)域而不是出口附近,正對(duì)于過(guò)道的開(kāi)口、側(cè)面邊緣位置的開(kāi)口以及室內(nèi)緊靠出口墻壁側(cè)的過(guò)道等設(shè)計(jì)均有利于人員疏散。當(dāng)室內(nèi)容量一定時(shí),應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮過(guò)道布局的設(shè)計(jì)而非座椅布局的設(shè)計(jì)。 對(duì)高層建筑內(nèi)的豎直疏散,本文首先針對(duì)緊急疏散時(shí)樓梯行人流提出了同時(shí)考慮樓梯平臺(tái)的轉(zhuǎn)彎行為和樓梯入口處匯流過(guò)程的格子氣模型,模擬再現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)彎行為和匯流過(guò)程,指出了樓梯行人流的積聚效應(yīng)以及因匯流過(guò)程引起的局部擁堵。隨后討論了分別利用樓梯、電梯和混合使用時(shí)疏散單層人員和同時(shí)疏散多層人員疏散時(shí)間的計(jì)算方法。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)小規(guī)模群體的低層疏散,隨疏散高度的增加樓梯疏散時(shí)間增加更為明顯；而對(duì)大規(guī)模群體的高層疏散,隨疏散高度和疏散規(guī)模的增加電梯疏散時(shí)間的增加更為明顯。 最后,本文基于貝葉斯分析討論了高層建筑火災(zāi)情況下豎直疏散時(shí)的三階段動(dòng)態(tài)管理框架,在不同階段依據(jù)火災(zāi)發(fā)展及撲救情況和不同區(qū)域的危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)分別對(duì)疏散規(guī)模、疏散終點(diǎn)和疏散方式進(jìn)行決策,并探討了以疏散指示信息為媒介的疏散人員和管理人員間的信息交互,即管理人員通過(guò)疏散指示系統(tǒng)發(fā)布決策信息,疏散人員遵從指令進(jìn)行疏散并進(jìn)行信息反饋,為管理人員下一階段的決策提供信息來(lái)源。
[Abstract]:The growth of the population has led to the rapid development of high-rise buildings and public places such as theaters, gymnasiums and conference halls. In these types of buildings, large crowds are usually gathered. In case of emergency situations such as fire, evacuation, how to quickly, effectively and safely evacuate groups at risk Because of the characteristics of the building structure, there is an evacuation in a room such as a seat, such as a seat, and the vertical evacuation and management strategy of a high building are particularly important.
This paper studies the evacuation characteristics and evacuation strategies in the typical areas of buildings, staircases and elevators, aiming at the detailed analysis of the behavior characteristics, evacuation time and the flow state of pedestrians during the emergency evacuation in the building, providing the construction design and the emergency evacuation of the crowd management. Protocol and scientific support.
A multi barrier room with many rules, such as classrooms, theaters, conference hall and gymnasiums, has a significant impact on the efficiency of evacuation in emergency evacuation. Based on this, this article first takes into account the distribution of the initial personnel, the remote sound information and the special small groups of indoor, corridor and staircase. The correlation between the evacuation time, the evacuation route and the exit selection is analyzed. The results show that there is a strong positive correlation between the choice of the intermediate transition exit and the choice of the final export (the correlation coefficient is 0.936). When the evacuation destination is clear, the choice of the final exit controls the choice of the intermediate transition exit. In addition, there is a bifurcation point for the same row of people during the evacuation, and the location of the bifurcation point deviates from the exit side.
Subsequently, an improved evacuation model, which considers the aisle factors, is a good simulation of the experimental results. For example, the experimental results of the exit selectivity equilibrium coefficient are 22.6%, and the simulation results are that 20.4%. simulation also shows that the blockage often occurs in the cross area of the transverse and longitudinal passage during the evacuation process. It is in the vicinity of the exit. The opening of the aisle, the opening of the side edge of the side and the aisle on the side of the wall, which are close to the exit wall, are beneficial to the evacuation. The design of the aisle layout should be given priority to the design of the aisle layout rather than the seat layout when the indoor capacity is fixed.
For the vertical evacuation in the high-rise building, this paper first proposes a lattice gas model which considers the turning behavior of the staircase and the flow of the staircase entrance at the time of emergency evacuation. The simulation and reappearance of the turning behavior and the process of confluence are simulated, and the accumulation effect of the staircase flow and the part caused by the confluence process are pointed out. Congestion. Then the calculation method of evacuation time of evacuating multilayer personnel and evacuating multi layer personnel at the same time with staircases, elevators and mixed use were discussed. It was found that the evacuation time of the small scale group was more obvious with the increase of evacuation height, and the high level evacuation to the large group was higher with the evacuation. The increase of evacuation time and scale of evacuation is more obvious.
Finally, based on Bias analysis, this paper discusses the three stage dynamic management framework of vertical evacuation in the case of fire in high-rise buildings. In different stages, the decision is made on the evacuation scale, evacuation end point and evacuation mode according to the fire development and the rescue situation and the dangerous state of different regions, and the information of evacuation indicator is discussed as the medium. The information interaction between the evacuees and the managers, that is, the managers release the decision information through the evacuation indicator system, evacuate personnel to follow the instructions to evacuate and carry out information feedback, providing information sources for the managers' decision in the next stage.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X93

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本文編號(hào)：1789714