本文選題：復(fù)雜地形 + 高高原　； 參考：《中國民航大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：民航飛機(jī)在高高原地區(qū)機(jī)場運(yùn)行時(shí),為確保運(yùn)營的安全性與經(jīng)濟(jì)性,通常需要進(jìn)行起飛一發(fā)失效應(yīng)急程序(EngineOut Standard Instrument Departure,EOSID)的研究與設(shè)計(jì),高高原地區(qū)地形復(fù)雜,高大山體分布廣泛,大氣稀薄,飛機(jī)本身的空氣動(dòng)力性能和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能都面臨較為嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。當(dāng)前在EOSID設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),均未考慮導(dǎo)航臺(tái)信號(hào)遮蔽因素,然而在高高原地區(qū),飛機(jī)起飛一發(fā)失效后沿EOSID飛行時(shí),必須能夠有效接收導(dǎo)航臺(tái)的導(dǎo)航信號(hào),才能確保飛機(jī)精確沿EOSID路線飛行,從而規(guī)避高大障礙物,保證民航飛機(jī)在高高原機(jī)場的安全運(yùn)行。基于此,本文將導(dǎo)航臺(tái)信號(hào)遮蔽納入EOSID主要研究因素,對高高原地形復(fù)雜機(jī)場EOSID進(jìn)行了研究。本文首先研究了EOSID的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范、設(shè)計(jì)要素和設(shè)計(jì)思路,詳細(xì)研究了飛機(jī)一發(fā)失效后繼續(xù)起飛距離和起飛飛行航跡,給出了起飛距離地面段和空中段的算法,以及起飛飛行航跡三個(gè)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)爬升梯度、爬升率和加速因子的推導(dǎo)公式。介紹了EOSID越障評估規(guī)則、轉(zhuǎn)彎方式的選擇及決策點(diǎn)的確定方法。針對高高原機(jī)場復(fù)雜的地形特點(diǎn),在進(jìn)行障礙物評估時(shí)需要更加精確的確定起飛凈軌跡的距離,其中平飛加速段凈軌跡距離難以確定,本文對計(jì)算起飛一發(fā)失效后平飛加速段凈軌跡距離的算法進(jìn)行了研究,提出了基于質(zhì)點(diǎn)力學(xué)模型平飛加速段凈軌跡距離算法和基于BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)平飛加速段凈軌跡距離算法,并對兩種算法結(jié)果精度進(jìn)行了對比分析。本文在進(jìn)行導(dǎo)航臺(tái)信號(hào)遮蔽分析時(shí),結(jié)合導(dǎo)航臺(tái)電磁信號(hào)特點(diǎn)、地球曲率、大氣折射等因素,建立了導(dǎo)航臺(tái)信號(hào)遮蔽模型,提出了不同高度導(dǎo)航臺(tái)信號(hào)遮蔽算法。在數(shù)字高程數(shù)據(jù)處理時(shí),提出了基于格網(wǎng)DEM生成等高線的優(yōu)化算法,解決了等高線生成過程中的二義性問題。并采用C#編程語言,調(diào)用ArcGIS Engine對ArcGIS進(jìn)行二次開發(fā),實(shí)現(xiàn)了導(dǎo)航臺(tái)信號(hào)覆蓋范圍評估系統(tǒng)。本文最后以國內(nèi)處于高高原復(fù)雜地形中的某機(jī)場為例,基于導(dǎo)航臺(tái)信號(hào)遮蔽評估并結(jié)合其它設(shè)計(jì)因素進(jìn)行了EOSID的研究設(shè)計(jì),得到了較為完善的EOSID方案,并對該方案進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明所設(shè)計(jì)的EOSID安全可行,具有良好的實(shí)用性。
[Abstract]:In order to ensure the safety and economy of the operation of the civil aviation aircraft in the airport in the high plateau area, it is usually necessary to carry out the research and design of engineer out Standard Instrument layout EOSID, which is widely distributed in the high plateau area. The aerodynamics and engine performance of the aircraft are all faced with a severe test because of the rarefaction of the atmosphere. At present, in the design of EOSID, none of the navigation station signals are taken into account. However, in the high plateau area, when an aircraft flies along EOSID after taking off, it must be able to receive the navigation signal of the navigation station effectively. Only in order to ensure the aircraft to fly along the EOSID route accurately, to avoid the tall obstacles, and to ensure the safe operation of the civil aviation aircraft in the high altitude airport. Based on this, the navigation station signal masking is incorporated into the main research factors of EOSID, and the high plateau terrain complex airport EOSID is studied. In this paper, the design specifications, design elements and design ideas of EOSID are studied, and the flight path and the take-off distance after the failure of the aircraft are studied in detail, and the algorithms of the ground and air segments of the take-off distance are given. The formulas of climbing gradient, climbing rate and acceleration factor of three key parameters of take-off flight path are derived. This paper introduces the rule of EOSID obstacle surmounting evaluation, the choice of turning mode and the method of determining decision point. In view of the complex terrain characteristics of high altitude airport, it is necessary to determine the distance of take-off net trajectory more accurately in the course of obstacle assessment, in which the distance of net trajectory in the acceleration section of flat flight is difficult to determine. In this paper, the algorithm of calculating the net trajectory distance of the acceleration segment of the flat flight after takeoff failure is studied, and the algorithm based on the particle mechanics model and the algorithm based on the BP neural network are proposed to calculate the net trajectory distance of the acceleration segment of the flat flight. The accuracy of the two algorithms is compared and analyzed. In this paper, the signal masking model of navigation station is established and the algorithm of signal masking for different altitude navigation stations is put forward by combining the characteristics of electromagnetic signals of navigation stations, earth curvature, atmosphere refraction and other factors in the analysis of navigation station signal masking. In the process of digital elevation data processing, an optimization algorithm based on grid DEM to generate contour lines is proposed, which solves the ambiguity problem in the process of generating contour lines. Using C # programming language, the second development of ArcGIS is carried out by calling ArcGIS Engine, and the signal coverage evaluation system of navigation station is realized. Finally, taking a domestic airport in the complex terrain of high plateau as an example, based on the evaluation of navigation station signal shadowing and combining with other design factors, the research and design of EOSID are carried out, and a more perfect EOSID scheme is obtained, and the scheme is verified. The results show that the designed EOSID is safe and feasible and has good practicability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國民航大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：V328.3

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