本文選題：煤與瓦斯壓出 + 煤巖動力現(xiàn)象　； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著煤礦開采深度的增加，地應力和瓦斯壓力越來越大，應力、瓦斯壓力和煤體耦合作用越來越復雜，煤巖動力災害發(fā)生越發(fā)頻繁，造成的危害越來越嚴重，以往較少出現(xiàn)的煤與瓦斯壓出動力災害日趨增多，而針對其發(fā)生機理鮮見研究。本文建立煤巖動力現(xiàn)象模擬試驗系統(tǒng)，試驗研究不同煤巖動力現(xiàn)象的顯現(xiàn)特征，分析壓出過程中應力和瓦斯壓力的變化規(guī)律及影響因素；研究含瓦斯煤體層裂結構的形成過程，建立煤與瓦斯壓出層次破壞演化模型；分析現(xiàn)場煤與瓦斯壓出災害的關鍵因素，對現(xiàn)場工作面危險性進行劃分，提出防治措施。全文主要取得了以下研究成果： 建立了煤巖動力現(xiàn)象模擬試驗系統(tǒng)，試驗研究了不同煤巖動力現(xiàn)象的顯現(xiàn)特征，并探討了煤巖動力現(xiàn)象顯現(xiàn)特征不同的原因。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：煤與瓦斯壓出拋出煤體距離較小，造成的動力效應不明顯；煤與瓦斯突出煤體破碎程度最大，拋出距離大并且具有明顯的方向性；含瓦斯煤沖擊破壞煤體破裂成塊狀，煤體破裂面光滑。煤體彈性能和瓦斯?jié)撃艿尼尫疟壤约懊后w性質的不同是動力現(xiàn)象顯現(xiàn)特征不同的主要原因。 研究了煤與瓦斯壓出的發(fā)展變化規(guī)律及影響因素。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：煤體壓出是一個較緩慢的力學過程，應力呈現(xiàn)出先升高后降低的趨勢，瓦斯壓力釋放速度較慢，并且釋放速度與其和壓出口之間的距離密切相關，煤體發(fā)生層裂破壞。隨著瓦斯壓力和應力的升高，殘留孔洞從無到有并逐漸增大，煤體破壞越發(fā)劇烈；隨煤體強度的升高，殘留孔洞逐漸縮小并且趨于消失；頂?shù)装鍙姸仍酱�，煤體變形破裂越嚴重。 通過數(shù)值模擬研究了工作面回采過程中，應力、瓦斯壓力和煤體塑性變形區(qū)的變化規(guī)律，分析了埋藏深度、煤層參數(shù)和初始瓦斯壓力對壓出危險性的影響。研究表明隨埋藏深度、瓦斯壓力的升高以及煤層厚度和強度的降低，煤體發(fā)生壓出的危險性逐漸升高。 基于彈塑性斷裂力學計算得到了含瓦斯煤裂紋的臨界擴展角度及方位角，推導得出了考慮游離瓦斯和吸附瓦斯的煤體強度準則，分析了裂紋擴展長度與三向應力的關系；以工作面前方極限平衡區(qū)為對象，研究了煤體層裂結構形成過程以及不同外界擾動形式對煤體穩(wěn)定性的影響，，計算得到了含瓦斯層裂結構失穩(wěn)破裂的臨界載荷及壓出發(fā)動的能量條件，分析了壓出發(fā)動煤體破裂失穩(wěn)形式。研究得到了壓出發(fā)展過程煤體發(fā)生逐層破壞的形式及應力、瓦斯壓力演化規(guī)律，分析了煤體破裂面形成原因，揭示了固氣逐層變化的破壞失穩(wěn)機理。 研究分析了煤與瓦斯壓出災害發(fā)生的關鍵影響因素，基于此對工作面進行了危險區(qū)域劃分，制定了有針對性的分區(qū)域動力災害防治措施，保證了工作面的安全生產。 研究成果對進一步認識深部回采過程中應力、瓦斯和煤體耦合作用規(guī)律，為防治煤與瓦斯壓出事故提供了理論基礎和科學依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the increase of coal mining depth, the stress and gas pressure are becoming more and more, the stress, gas pressure and coal body coupling are more and more complex, the coal and rock dynamic disasters are more and more frequent, causing more and more serious harm. The simulation test system of coal and rock dynamic phenomenon is set up, the characteristics of different coal and rock dynamic phenomena are studied, the change law of stress and gas pressure in the process of pressure and the influence factors are analyzed, the formation process of the crack structure of coal bearing coal body is studied, the secondary damage evolution model of coal and gas pressure outlet is established, and the coal and gas in the field are analyzed. According to the key factors of the disaster, the danger of the working face is divided, and the prevention measures are put forward.
The simulation test system of coal and rock dynamic phenomena is set up. The characteristics of different coal and rock dynamic phenomena are studied and the reasons of different characteristics of coal and rock dynamic phenomena are discussed. The research shows that coal and gas pressure out of coal body is less distance and the dynamic effect is not obvious; coal and gas outburst coal body breakup degree is the biggest, throw out. The main reason for the different characteristics of the dynamic phenomenon is that the coal body fracture surface is smooth, the ratio of the release ratio of the coal body elastic energy and the gas potential and the nature of the coal body are different.
The development and change rules of coal and gas pressure are studied and the influence factors are studied. It is found that the coal body pressure is a slow mechanical process, the stress appears to rise first and then decrease, the release rate of gas pressure is slow, and the release velocity is closely related to the distance between the pressure outlet and the coal body. As the pressure and stress increase, the residual holes are gradually increased and the coal body is more severe. With the increase of coal strength, the residual holes gradually shrink and tend to disappear, the greater the strength of the top and bottom, the more serious the deformation and fracture of the coal body is.
Through numerical simulation, the variation of stress, gas pressure and plastic deformation zone of coal body during the working face recovery process is studied. The influence of buried depth, coal seam parameters and initial gas pressure on the risk of pressure out is analyzed. The study shows that the coal body is pressed out with the depth of buried, the increase of gas pressure and the decrease of the thickness and strength of coal seam. The danger is increasing.
Based on the elastoplastic fracture mechanics calculation, the critical expansion angle and azimuth angle of the coal bearing coal crack are obtained. The strength criterion of coal body considering the free gas and the adsorbed gas is derived. The relationship between the crack growth length and the three direction stress is analyzed, and the formation of the structure of the coal seam is studied by the limit equilibrium area ahead of the working face. The influence of the process and the different external disturbance forms on the stability of the coal body is calculated, and the critical load and the energy conditions for the burst initiation are calculated. The failure mode of the coal body rupture is analyzed. The form and stress of the coal body damage by layer and the evolution of gas pressure are obtained. The cause of formation of coal fracture surface is analyzed, and the mechanism of destruction and instability of solid gas by layer by layer is revealed.
The key factors affecting the occurrence of coal and gas pressure occurrence are analyzed and analyzed. Based on this, the dangerous area is divided into the working face, and the prevention measures for the dynamic disaster in the area are formulated, which ensures the safe production of the working face.
The research results provide a theoretical basis and scientific basis for further understanding the stress in the process of deep mining, the law of the coupling action of gas and coal, and providing a theoretical basis and scientific basis for the prevention and control of coal and gas pressure accidents.

【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TD712

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