本文選題：少數(shù)民族地區(qū) + 常態(tài)災(zāi)害��； 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國是世界上受自然災(zāi)害影響最嚴(yán)重的國家之一,災(zāi)害種類多、發(fā)生頻率高、損失嚴(yán)重,尤其是少數(shù)民族地區(qū)。由于歷史等原因,我國少數(shù)民族多分布于山高、谷深、高寒、干旱地區(qū),其惡劣的自然地理?xiàng)l件決定了這些地區(qū)是自然災(zāi)害高發(fā)區(qū),即致災(zāi)因子危險(xiǎn)性大,承災(zāi)體對(duì)自然災(zāi)害的暴露性明顯。加之近些年全球氣候異�，F(xiàn)象劇增,地震、滑坡和泥石流、雪災(zāi)等自然災(zāi)害對(duì)少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的發(fā)展形成嚴(yán)重威脅,如何減少災(zāi)害損失,提高少數(shù)民族地區(qū)抵御災(zāi)害的能力成為少數(shù)民族地區(qū)迫切需要解決的問題。 目前,在災(zāi)害學(xué)領(lǐng)域,學(xué)者們多從災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的角度展開研究,以期通過災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的辨識(shí)、評(píng)估為政府部門的災(zāi)害管理服務(wù)。而少數(shù)民族地區(qū)自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生頻率高,業(yè)已常態(tài),尤其是地震、滑坡和泥石流、雪災(zāi)三種常態(tài)災(zāi)害,這些災(zāi)害的頻繁發(fā)生給當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展造成了長遠(yuǎn)影響。論文在對(duì)少數(shù)民族地區(qū)地震、滑坡和泥石流、雪災(zāi)三種自然災(zāi)害概況介紹和特點(diǎn)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,從人員損失和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失兩方面選取指標(biāo),以地州一級(jí)為評(píng)價(jià)單元,對(duì)這三種災(zāi)害進(jìn)行危害度評(píng)價(jià),并分別繪制了它們的危害度等級(jí)圖。之后,以雪災(zāi)為例,從災(zāi)害法律、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程和防災(zāi)減災(zāi)能力三個(gè)方面,初步建立了少數(shù)民族地區(qū)雪災(zāi)的防災(zāi)減災(zāi)體系,并強(qiáng)調(diào)從加快我國災(zāi)害基本法建設(shè)、加強(qiáng)少數(shù)民族民眾災(zāi)害教育、重視安全房屋和重要基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、增加救災(zāi)物資儲(chǔ)備四個(gè)方面進(jìn)一步健全和完善少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的雪災(zāi)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)體系。
[Abstract]:China is one of the countries most seriously affected by natural disasters in the world. There are many kinds of disasters, high frequency and serious losses, especially in minority areas.Due to historical reasons, ethnic minorities in China are mostly distributed in high mountains, deep valleys, high cold and arid areas. Their harsh natural geographical conditions determine that these areas are highly prone to natural disasters, that is, the risk of disaster factors is great.The exposure of disaster bearing bodies to natural disasters is obvious.In addition, in recent years, global climate anomalies have increased dramatically. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, mudslides, snowstorms and other natural disasters pose a serious threat to the development of ethnic minority areas. How to reduce disaster losses,Improving the ability of national minority areas to resist disasters has become an urgent problem to be solved in minority areas.At present, in the field of disaster science, many scholars carry out research from the perspective of disaster risk, in order to evaluate the disaster management services of government departments through the identification of disaster risk.The frequency of natural disasters in minority areas is high and has been normal, especially earthquake, landslide, debris flow and snow disasters. The frequent occurrence of these disasters has a long-term impact on the sustainable development of local society and economy.On the basis of the introduction of earthquake, landslide, debris flow and snow disaster in minority areas, the paper selects the index of human loss and economic loss, and takes the prefectural level as the evaluation unit.The hazard degree of these three kinds of disasters was evaluated and their hazard grade diagrams were plotted respectively.Later, taking snow disaster as an example, the disaster prevention and mitigation system in ethnic minority areas was preliminarily established from the three aspects of disaster law, disaster prevention and mitigation engineering and disaster prevention and mitigation capability, and it was emphasized that the construction of the basic Law on disasters in China should be accelerated.We should strengthen disaster education for ethnic minority people, attach importance to the construction of safe houses and important infrastructure, and further improve and perfect the snow disaster prevention and mitigation system in ethnic minority areas in four aspects: increasing the reserve of disaster relief materials.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X4

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 尹占娥;城市自然災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估與實(shí)證研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2009年

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本文編號(hào)：1750737