本文選題：石化企業(yè)　切入點：危險源辨識　出處：《華南理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：石化企業(yè)在生產(chǎn)、加工、處理、儲運石油、天然氣等產(chǎn)品過程中，不可避免地會出現(xiàn)爆炸性混合物或者火災(zāi)危險物質(zhì)，若存在靜電放電產(chǎn)生點火源，將可能引起火災(zāi)或爆炸，國內(nèi)外石化企業(yè)易燃易爆場所靜電火災(zāi)爆炸事故時有發(fā)生。為有效預(yù)防和控制靜電火災(zāi)爆炸事故，應(yīng)用科學(xué)有效的方法預(yù)先辨識、評價、控制石化企業(yè)存在的各種靜電火災(zāi)隱患十分必要。目前，針對石化企業(yè)靜電事故研究主要集中在事故原因與事故預(yù)防措施兩方面，而石化企業(yè)靜電危險因素辨識理論還不盡成熟，靜電火災(zāi)爆炸風(fēng)險評價方法理論體系尚待建立�；谖ｋU源辨識理論與風(fēng)險評價方法，本文主要從以下四個方面來開展石化企業(yè)靜電定量檢測與危害評價研究： （1）石化企業(yè)靜電危險因素辨識與靜電火災(zāi)爆炸事故機理研究�；陟o電火災(zāi)事故發(fā)生的條件，分析石化企業(yè)存在的靜電危險源及潛在靜電放電形式。分析石化企業(yè)靜電火災(zāi)爆炸事故機理，探究石化企業(yè)孕育事故的源頭，發(fā)現(xiàn)事故形成的規(guī)律及推動事故發(fā)展的動力，以期尋求控制石化企業(yè)靜電火災(zāi)爆炸事故的應(yīng)對策略。從辨識的靜電危險源中選取石化企業(yè)靜電檢測對象，探究具體靜電定量檢測參數(shù)與檢測方法。 （2）石化企業(yè)輸油管道系統(tǒng)靜電特性實驗研究。分析輸油管道靜電起電機理與影響因素，根據(jù)建立的靜電危險因素辨識方法，分析輸油管道系統(tǒng)中存在的點、線、面三類靜電危險源和管道可能發(fā)生的靜電放電形式，，搭建多功能輸油管道系統(tǒng)靜電特性研究平臺，選取管道靜電泄漏電流作為測量對象，研究流速、管徑、管材對管道靜電起電影響程度，得出了油品安全流速計算方法。 （3）構(gòu)建石化企業(yè)靜電火災(zāi)爆炸事故危險性評價模型。提出石化企業(yè)靜電火災(zāi)爆炸事故評價指標體系，包括事故發(fā)生可能性、事故可能后果、控制與可監(jiān)控狀態(tài)，確定量化石化企業(yè)靜電火災(zāi)爆炸事故可能性與事故可能后果的方法�；诟倪MMLS評價法，構(gòu)建石化企業(yè)靜電火災(zāi)爆炸事故危險性評價模型。為預(yù)防靜電事故，提出包括工程技術(shù)對策、環(huán)境控制、有關(guān)靜電安全的企業(yè)安全文化的防靜電事故具體對策措施。 （4）防爆場所靜電火災(zāi)爆炸事故危險性評價實例應(yīng)用。以廣州市南沙區(qū)某油庫為應(yīng)用研究對象，應(yīng)用靜電火災(zāi)爆炸事故危險性評價模型對該油庫靜電風(fēng)險和靜電管理狀態(tài)進行定量評價，并針對其存在的靜電隱患因素和管理缺陷提出改進對策。
[Abstract]:In the production, processing, processing, storage and transportation of petroleum, natural gas and other products in petrochemical enterprises, explosive mixtures or fire dangerous substances will inevitably appear. If there is a source of ignition from electrostatic discharge, it may cause fire or explosion.Domestic and foreign petrochemical enterprises flammable and explosive site electrostatic fire explosion accidents occur from time to time.In order to effectively prevent and control electrostatic fire and explosion accidents, it is necessary to apply scientific and effective methods to identify, evaluate and control all kinds of electrostatic fire hazards in petrochemical enterprises.At present, the research on electrostatic accidents in petrochemical enterprises is mainly focused on the accident cause and accident prevention measures, but the identification theory of electrostatic hazard factors in petrochemical enterprises is not yet mature, and the theoretical system of the risk assessment method of electrostatic fire and explosion needs to be established.Based on the hazard source identification theory and risk assessment method, this paper mainly from the following four aspects to carry out the petrochemical enterprise electrostatic quantitative detection and hazard evaluation research:1) Identification of electrostatic risk factors and mechanism of electrostatic fire and explosion in petrochemical enterprises.Based on the conditions of electrostatic fire accident, the electrostatic hazard sources and potential electrostatic discharge forms in petrochemical enterprises are analyzed.This paper analyzes the mechanism of electrostatic fire explosion accident in petrochemical enterprises, probes into the source of the accident in petrochemical enterprises, finds out the law of formation of the accident and the motive force to promote the development of the accident, in order to seek the countermeasures for controlling the electrostatic fire explosion accident in petrochemical enterprises.From the identified electrostatic hazard sources, select the petrochemical enterprises electrostatic detection object, explore the specific electrostatic quantitative detection parameters and detection methods.Experimental study on Electrostatic characteristics of Oil Pipeline system in Petrochemical Enterprises.This paper analyzes the mechanism and influencing factors of electrostatic generator in oil pipeline, and according to the identification method of electrostatic hazard factor, analyzes three kinds of electrostatic hazard sources, such as points, lines and surfaces, and the possible electrostatic discharge forms of pipeline.A platform for studying electrostatic characteristics of multifunctional oil pipeline system is built, and the electrostatic leakage current of pipeline is selected as the measuring object. The influence of flow velocity, pipe diameter and pipe material on electrostatic generation of pipeline is studied, and the calculation method of safe flow rate of oil product is obtained.3) to construct the hazard assessment model of electrostatic fire and explosion accident in petrochemical enterprises.The evaluation index system of electrostatic fire explosion accidents in petrochemical enterprises is put forward, including the possibility of accidents, the possible consequences of accidents, the state of control and monitoring, and the method of quantifying the possibility of electrostatic fire and explosion accidents and the possible consequences of accidents in petrochemical enterprises.Based on the improved MLS evaluation method, the risk assessment model of electrostatic fire explosion accident in petrochemical enterprises is established.In order to prevent electrostatic accidents, the countermeasures including engineering technology, environmental control and enterprise safety culture of electrostatic safety are put forward.4) Application of hazard assessment of electrostatic fire and explosion accident in explosion-proof site.Taking an oil depot in Nansha District of Guangzhou as the applied research object, the electrostatic risk and electrostatic management state of the oil depot were quantitatively evaluated by using the hazard assessment model of electrostatic fire and explosion accident.The improvement countermeasures are put forward in view of the existing electrostatic hidden trouble factors and management defects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X937;X932

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本文編號：1720721