發(fā)布時間：2018-04-01 02:08

  本文選題：鐵路橋梁　切入點：汽車撞擊荷載　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著國內(nèi)外交通事業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,鐵路橋梁跨度不斷增大,列車速度不斷提高,橋梁的振動問題日趨突出。與此同時,隨著交通事務(wù)日益繁忙,汽車撞擊橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的事故也越發(fā)頻繁。本文在國家重點基礎(chǔ)研究計劃“973”項目“高速鐵路基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)動態(tài)性能演變及服役安全基礎(chǔ)研究(2013CB036203)”、國家自然科學(xué)基金項目“汽車撞擊引起的橋梁振動對高速列車運行安全的影響研究(51308035)”的資助下,針對汽車撞擊荷載引起的橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)振動以及由此引發(fā)的橋上高速列車的運行安全問題,展開了較深入的研究,主要研究內(nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點包括： (1)對國內(nèi)外橋梁遭受汽車撞擊而引發(fā)重大事故的情況和相關(guān)的研究現(xiàn)狀進行了綜述,闡述了研究汽車撞擊荷載引起的橋梁振動和列車運行安全問題的必要性,總結(jié)了一般情況下車橋動力相互作用問題的研究內(nèi)容及主要研究方法,說明了論文的選題意義和立項依據(jù)。 (2)結(jié)合國內(nèi)外鐵路、公路設(shè)計規(guī)范和相關(guān)研究成果,參考船舶、流冰等撞擊橋梁過程中撞擊荷載的既有研究,總結(jié)了汽車撞擊荷載的設(shè)計方法(總體平均法、局部平均法、簡化荷載脈沖法、等效位移法)以及理論分析、數(shù)值模擬和試驗結(jié)果。分析了汽車撞擊荷載的持時、最大幅值、作用位置等特點,為確定列車-橋梁系統(tǒng)動力分析模型中的汽車撞擊荷載取值方法提供了依據(jù)。 (3)建立了汽車撞擊荷載作用下的車橋耦合系統(tǒng)動力分析模型,編制了相關(guān)的計算程序。車輛模型采用多剛體動力學(xué)方法建立,橋梁模型采用振型疊加法建立,輪軌垂向作用力按照輪軌密貼假定定義,輪軌橫向作用力按照簡化的Kalker蠕滑理論定義,汽車撞擊力作用時程以節(jié)點動荷載模擬。提出了一種適用于快速評估汽車撞擊作用下橋上列車行車安全評估的簡化模型,經(jīng)對比發(fā)現(xiàn)簡化模型能大大提高計算效率且計算結(jié)果總體上偏于安全。 (4)利用車—軌—橋耦合動力試驗平臺,通過模型試驗定性研究了橫向撞擊力對橋梁及橋上車輛運行安全的影響規(guī)律。通過觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)撞擊過程中橋墩底部動應(yīng)變、墩頂動位移、墩頂加速度,梁的橫向動位移和加速度,以及車輛的三向車體加速度等動力響應(yīng)大幅提高,影響行車安全。 (5)選取現(xiàn)役鐵路線路上典型橋梁進行試驗,鑒于實際撞擊的昂貴性和破壞性,采用力錘橫向敲擊力代替汽車橫向撞擊力,對橋梁及橋上車輛運行安全的影響規(guī)律進行初步探討。結(jié)果表明,橫向撞擊使橋梁的動力響應(yīng)大幅度增加,并對車輛運行安全有潛在隱患。根據(jù)試驗響應(yīng)和輸入量進行拉普拉斯變化求得墩梁的傳遞函數(shù),將汽車撞擊力時程在頻域內(nèi)與傳遞函數(shù)相乘后的結(jié)果進行IFFT變化,假設(shè)撞擊過程中橋梁處于線形狀態(tài),求出的響應(yīng)在工程領(lǐng)域內(nèi)作為汽車撞擊作用下橋梁響應(yīng)的快速估算。 (6)利用所建立的計算模型和自編程序,以京滬高鐵南京大勝關(guān)長江大橋南引橋32m簡支梁橋為實例,按照德國低F擾譜譜軌道不平順條件,通過模擬計算,考慮有無汽車撞擊兩種情況,對德國ICE3列車的脫軌系數(shù)等運行安全指標(biāo)進行了時程分析,驗證了簡化模型的計算效率和可靠性,可用于工程人員快速評估汽車撞擊對列車行車安全。結(jié)果表明汽車荷載撞擊橋梁對高速列車的影響不可忽略。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the traffic cause at home and abroad , the span of railway bridges is continuously increasing , the train speed is continuously improved , and the vibration problem of the bridge is increasingly prominent . At the same time , with the increasingly busy traffic affairs , the accidents of the bridge structure become more frequent . At the same time , the bridge vibration caused by the impact load of the automobile and the running safety of the high - speed train on the bridge caused by the impact load of the automobile under the financing of the national key basic research plan " 973 " project " Dynamic Performance Evolution and Service Safety Basic Research ( 2013CB036203 ) " , the main research contents and the innovation points include :

( 1 ) In this paper , the necessity of studying the problems of bridge vibration and train operation safety caused by car impact load is summarized in this paper . The research contents and main research methods of the dynamic interaction problem of the bridge are summarized , and the significance and basis of the thesis are explained .

( 2 ) According to the existing research on the impact load in the process of impact bridge such as ship and flow ice , the paper summarizes the existing research on the impact load in the process of impact bridge such as ship and stream ice , and summarizes the design methods of vehicle impact load ( general average method , local average method , simplified load pulse method , equivalent displacement method ) , theoretical analysis , numerical simulation and test results .

( 3 ) The dynamic analysis model of axle coupling system under the action of vehicle impact load is established , and the relevant calculation program is worked out . The vehicle model is established by the multi - rigid body dynamics method .

( 4 ) Using vehicle - rail - bridge coupled power test platform , the influence law of lateral impact force on the running safety of bridge and bridge is studied by model test . Through observation , the dynamic response of the dynamic strain , pier top dynamic displacement , pier top acceleration , lateral dynamic displacement and acceleration of the beam and the three - way vehicle acceleration of the vehicle are found to be greatly improved and the driving safety is affected .

( 5 ) Selection of typical bridges on existing railway lines is carried out . In view of the expensive and destructive impact of the actual impact , the influence of lateral impact on bridge and vehicle running safety is discussed . The results show that the dynamic response of the bridge is greatly increased and the safety of the vehicle is hidden danger . According to the test response and the input quantity , the transfer function of the pier beam is obtained . The result of the multiplication of the vehicle impact force in the frequency domain and the transfer function is changed . The response of the bridge is assumed to be in the linear state in the course of the impact , and the response is calculated as a quick estimate of the bridge response in the field of engineering .

( 6 ) Using the established calculation model and the self - compiled program , taking the 32m simple beam bridge as an example of the south approach bridge of Nanjing Great Shengguan Changjiang River Bridge in Beijing - Shanghai high - speed rail , the paper analyzes the running safety indexes such as the derail coefficient of the German ICE3 train by simulating calculation according to the non - smooth condition of the low F - disturbance spectrum of Germany , and verifies the calculation efficiency and the reliability of the simplified model , and can be used for the engineering personnel to quickly assess the vehicle impact on the train driving safety . The result shows that the impact of the vehicle load impact bridge on the high - speed train is not negligible .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U441.3;U298.1

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