本文選題：�；髽I(yè)　切入點(diǎn)：高危作業(yè)崗位　出處：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展的大環(huán)境下,隨著化學(xué)工業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展,�；髽I(yè)災(zāi)害事故頻發(fā),且一旦發(fā)生事故,就會(huì)造成人員重大傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)巨大損失,無(wú)數(shù)慘痛的教訓(xùn)促使我們對(duì)�；髽I(yè)的安全問(wèn)題不斷探索,總結(jié)事故發(fā)生的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),得知事故的發(fā)生往往跟作業(yè)崗位存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患有著很大的關(guān)系。針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象,本文提出�；髽I(yè)高危作業(yè)崗位風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)體系的研究及應(yīng)用,為企業(yè)管理人員更方便、準(zhǔn)確地抓住關(guān)鍵控制點(diǎn)提供技術(shù)支撐,從而提高企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理與防控水平。根據(jù)�；髽I(yè)高危作業(yè)崗位存在的五種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)類型:中毒、窒息;易燃、易爆;腐蝕、灼傷;環(huán)境危害和其他,以及高危作業(yè)崗位的作業(yè)特點(diǎn)和發(fā)生事故的主要特征,分析其存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)影響.因素,并采用德?tīng)柗品ㄍㄟ^(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查表的形式確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)指標(biāo);在LEC法的理論基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的定義,以事故發(fā)生的可能性、事故造成后果的嚴(yán)重程度及人員暴露的頻繁程度三個(gè)維度來(lái)建立高危作業(yè)崗位風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)模型,從而構(gòu)建了�；髽I(yè)高危作業(yè)崗位風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)體系。通過(guò)云模型和專家打分法相結(jié)合,確定了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)各個(gè)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重,并進(jìn)行權(quán)重歸一化,不僅有效地避開(kāi)了固定權(quán)重值的缺陷,也弱化了專家主觀因素對(duì)結(jié)果的影響。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通過(guò)參考重大危險(xiǎn)源分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)確定,分為低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、較高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和高風(fēng)險(xiǎn),基于工程應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目高危作業(yè)崗位各個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)指標(biāo)的得分和權(quán)重值,計(jì)算風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)值,并確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí),然后分析其存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患并提出相應(yīng)的整改措施。通過(guò)對(duì)淮南某60萬(wàn)噸/年聯(lián)堿項(xiàng)目的工程實(shí)際應(yīng)用表明,根據(jù)第一次作業(yè)條件下的結(jié)果,在對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高的作業(yè)崗位采取有針對(duì)性的改進(jìn)措施后,得到第二次作業(yè)條件下各個(gè)崗位的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí),由兩次結(jié)果對(duì)比可知,本文提出的方法不僅具有良好的科學(xué)性和合理性,還具有更好的動(dòng)態(tài)性和可操作性,能夠準(zhǔn)確方便的辨識(shí)出高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)作業(yè)崗位及其存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患,對(duì)�；髽I(yè)管理高危作業(yè)崗位具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Under the environment of rapid economic development, with the vigorous development of chemical industry, disasters and accidents of dangerous chemical enterprises occur frequently, and once accidents occur, they will cause heavy casualties and huge losses of property. Numerous painful lessons have prompted us to explore the safety problems of dangerous chemical enterprises, sum up the experience and lessons of accidents, and know that accidents often have a great relationship with the hidden risks existing in operational posts. In view of this phenomenon, This paper puts forward the research and application of risk classification system for high-risk jobs in dangerous chemical enterprises, which provides technical support for managers to grasp the critical control points more conveniently and accurately. In order to improve the level of enterprise risk management and prevention and control. According to the five risk types of high-risk operations in dangerous chemical enterprises: poisoning, asphyxiation, flammability, explosive, corrosion, burns, environmental hazards and others, The operational characteristics of high-risk jobs and the main characteristics of accidents are analyzed, and the risk factors are analyzed, and the risk classification index is determined by using the Delphi method in the form of questionnaire. Combined with the definition of risk, the risk classification model of high risk operations is established from three dimensions: the possibility of accident, the severity of accident consequences and the frequency of personnel exposure. By combining cloud model with expert scoring method, the weight of each index of risk classification is determined, and the weight is normalized. It not only effectively avoids the defect of fixed weight value, but also weakens the influence of subjective factors on the result. The criterion of risk classification is determined by referring to the criterion of major risk source classification, which can be divided into low risk and medium risk. High risk and high risk, based on the scores and weights of each risk classification index of high-risk job post in engineering application project, the value of risk index is calculated, and the risk grade is determined. Then, the hidden risks are analyzed and the corresponding rectification measures are put forward. Through the practical application of a 600000 ton / year combined alkali project in Huainan, it is shown that, according to the results of the first operation, After taking targeted improvement measures to the high risk job, the risk grade of each post under the condition of the second operation is obtained. By comparing the two results, we can see that the method proposed in this paper is not only scientific and reasonable. It also has better dynamic and maneuverability, which can identify the high risk job and its hidden danger accurately and conveniently, and has certain guiding significance for the dangerous enterprise to manage the high risk job post.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ086

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