本文選題：瓦斯解吸　切入點：瓦斯抽采　出處：《中國礦業(yè)大學(北京)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：煤礦開采的過程中,常伴隨著各種事故的發(fā)生,瓦斯災害、煤塵災害、火災、水災和頂板事故仍然是我國煤礦的“五大災害”,其中,以瓦斯災害最為突出。我國多數(shù)礦井為高瓦斯礦井,抑制我國煤礦安全高效開采主控因素之一即為瓦斯問題。隨著我國淺部煤炭資源的逐步枯竭,煤礦開采逐漸轉(zhuǎn)為深部開采,瓦斯問題將愈發(fā)突出,深部煤層中瓦斯的含量、涌出量及涌出強度也必將大大增加,這也必將加劇瓦斯治理的難度和災害發(fā)生的嚴重程度。瓦斯抽放是煤礦防治瓦斯事故的根本性措施,我國在采場即本煤層和采空區(qū)采用聯(lián)合瓦斯抽放方法及抽放工藝方面,取得了一定的經(jīng)驗,在一定程度上緩解了采場瓦斯超限和局部瓦斯積聚問題,但由于未能搞清煤層鉆孔及采空區(qū)瓦斯流場的變化規(guī)律,對于煤層鉆孔及采空區(qū)的瓦斯運移的機理掌握不夠,導致煤層及采空區(qū)瓦斯抽放效果普遍較差,抽放率低等。針對以上情況,本文以實驗室實驗、現(xiàn)場觀測結(jié)果為基礎,以理論分析和數(shù)值模擬為主導,通過理論分析煤層鉆孔及采空區(qū)瓦斯涌出規(guī)律、流場動態(tài)變化規(guī)律及瓦斯運移機理,建立特定開采條件下采場瓦斯運移數(shù)學模型,編制開發(fā)煤層瓦斯運移數(shù)值解算程序,模擬煤層及采空區(qū)瓦斯運移規(guī)律,結(jié)合現(xiàn)場實際,提出煤層及采空區(qū)瓦斯抽采技術(shù)方案。首先分析了特定礦井瓦斯來源、涌出規(guī)律,實驗室試驗研究玉華煤礦煤樣的瓦斯解吸規(guī)律,得到了玉華煤礦2108采煤工作面煤樣的瓦斯吸附常數(shù)、煤體孔隙率、滲透率等重要參數(shù),對煤層瓦斯賦存情況及煤體的各項物理性質(zhì)有了更進一步的了解,同時得到了研究煤體鉆孔瓦斯涌出相關(guān)參數(shù)的關(guān)鍵性數(shù)據(jù)。將瓦斯的解吸過程來模擬煤層和采空區(qū)遺煤的瓦斯放散過程,將采空區(qū)遺煤看作是大小不一煤粒松散堆積組合體,通過試驗研究不同粒度范圍、不同瓦斯解吸壓力對一定質(zhì)量的煤粒的瓦斯解吸規(guī)律,將試驗結(jié)果應用到玉華煤業(yè)2108工作面采空區(qū),得到該工作面采空區(qū)單位質(zhì)量遺煤的瓦斯解吸特性參數(shù),進而定性分析采空區(qū)瓦斯?jié)舛确植家?guī)律。接著為探索玉華煤礦2108煤層瓦斯賦存情況及瓦斯涌出特征,進行了現(xiàn)場煤層原始瓦斯壓力測定,并現(xiàn)場觀測了鉆孔自然排放時瓦斯流速、累積流量隨觀測時間的變化情況,為鉆孔瓦斯涌出數(shù)值模擬提供基本參數(shù),并為驗證瓦斯涌出數(shù)值模型提供實測數(shù)據(jù)。在上述實驗室實驗及現(xiàn)場觀測的基礎上,結(jié)合煤體的雙重孔隙特征,根據(jù)煤層瓦斯運移機理,提出了煤體雙重孔隙瓦斯雙滲流理論,認為鉆孔瓦斯流動模型應包括基質(zhì)瓦斯流動模型和裂隙瓦斯流動模型以及它們之間的耦合關(guān)聯(lián)項,據(jù)此推導了煤體雙重孔隙鉆孔瓦斯雙滲流數(shù)學模型,借助計算機語言自主開發(fā)了該模型的解算軟件《鉆孔瓦斯流動分析軟件COMESS 2.0》,并借助該軟件進行了瓦斯涌出過程的數(shù)值模擬,分別得到鉆孔瓦斯涌出速度、累積瓦斯涌出量隨時間的變化曲線,并與現(xiàn)場實測結(jié)果進行了對比,模擬得到的的鉆孔瓦斯涌出速度、累積瓦斯流量整體上與實測結(jié)果是相符合的。接著使用自主開發(fā)的解算軟件對不同抽放參數(shù)下的鉆孔瓦斯涌出過程進行數(shù)值模擬,得到不同抽放參數(shù)對鉆孔有效抽放半徑的影響規(guī)律。在預抽時間一定時,抽放負壓越大,鉆孔有效抽放半徑就越大,且隨抽放負壓的增大,其對有效抽放半徑的影響逐漸減小。在鉆孔抽放負壓一定時,預抽時間越長,鉆孔有效抽放半徑就越大,且隨預抽時間的推移,有效抽放半徑的增大速率逐漸減小。在同一時刻,隨抽放負壓的提升,抽放純量逐漸變大。隨鉆孔負壓的提升,負壓的變化對抽放純量的影響程度逐漸減弱。單個鉆孔的抽放純量與鉆孔直徑呈線性關(guān)系,表明擴大鉆孔直徑會增加瓦斯抽放純量并增大有效抽放半徑。在現(xiàn)實條件允許的情況下,可以考慮盡量施工大直徑鉆孔。根據(jù)2#煤層2108工作面的現(xiàn)場情況及數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果,設計了該工作面的瓦斯抽放方案,確定抽放鉆孔間距為6.5m,抽放負壓為0.55MPa,預抽時間為270天。根據(jù)已確定的抽放參數(shù),對該工作面的本煤層順層抽放鉆孔進行了參數(shù)布置�？紤]采空區(qū)隨工作面采動不斷變化特點及遺煤瓦斯放散規(guī)律,進行采空區(qū)瓦斯運移規(guī)律的研究�；诹黧w基本定律,考慮采空區(qū)實際條件,建立了采空區(qū)二維瓦斯?jié)舛葓銎胶夥匠?結(jié)合工作面采空區(qū)特點及邊界條件,建立了采空區(qū)瓦斯?jié)舛葓銮蠼鈹?shù)學模型�；诮⒌牟煽諈^(qū)瓦斯運移數(shù)學模型,考慮開采過程中采空區(qū)的實際特點,確定采空區(qū)瓦斯?jié)舛葓鲇嬎隳Ｐ头秶?數(shù)值離散模型范圍,基于有限體積法思想,離散瓦斯壓力場和瓦斯?jié)舛葓?構(gòu)建節(jié)點瓦斯壓力和濃度計算線性方程組。線性方程組系數(shù)矩陣特點,將線性方程組系數(shù)矩陣進行壓縮,利用高斯賽德爾法求解方程組;編制開發(fā)了采空區(qū)瓦斯運移模擬軟件,并對特定開采條件下采空區(qū)瓦斯?jié)舛葓鲞M行數(shù)值模擬。以玉華煤礦2108工作面為例,采用自主開發(fā)的采空區(qū)瓦斯數(shù)值解算軟件,模擬玉華煤礦實際推進速度下采空區(qū)多物理場分布規(guī)律,包括氣體壓力場、風流速度、瓦斯放散速度及瓦斯?jié)舛葓�。分析目前采空區(qū)瓦斯抽采的常用方法及其優(yōu)缺點,基于理論、數(shù)值研究結(jié)果,結(jié)合玉華煤礦現(xiàn)場實際,提出了閉墻長插管的方式進行瓦斯抽采,并對抽采鉆孔進行了參數(shù)布置。本文的創(chuàng)新性主要體現(xiàn)在以下三點:(1)在實驗室實驗研究以及現(xiàn)場測定相關(guān)參數(shù)的基礎上,結(jié)合煤體的雙重孔隙特征,根據(jù)煤層瓦斯運移機理,提出了煤體雙重孔隙瓦斯雙滲流理論,建立了煤體雙重孔隙鉆孔瓦斯雙滲流數(shù)學模型;(2)自主開發(fā)了鉆孔瓦斯流動數(shù)值模擬軟件《鉆孔瓦斯流動分析軟件COMESS 2.0》。使用該軟件對不同抽采參數(shù)下的鉆孔涌出過程進行數(shù)值模擬,得到不同抽采參數(shù)對鉆孔有效抽采半徑的影響規(guī)律;(3)基于流體基本守恒定律,建立了采空區(qū)二維瓦斯?jié)舛葓銎胶夥匠?考慮采空區(qū)實際邊界條件,進而建立了采空區(qū)瓦斯?jié)舛葓鰯?shù)學模型�；谟邢摅w積法思想,離散采空區(qū)瓦斯壓力場和濃度場,構(gòu)建節(jié)點瓦斯壓力和濃度計算線性方程組;開發(fā)了采空區(qū)瓦斯運移數(shù)值模擬軟件,并對特定開采條件下采空區(qū)多物理場進行了數(shù)值模擬。
[Abstract]:The process of coal mining, often accompanied by a variety of accidents, coal gas disaster, disaster, fire, flood and roof accidents of coal mine in our country is still the "five big disaster", among them, the gas disaster is most prominent. The majority of our mine for high gas coal mine, coal mine safety and high efficiency mining suppression of the main controlling factors for the gas problem. With the shallow coal resources in China's gradual depletion, coal mining gradually into deep mining, the gas problem will become increasingly prominent, the content of gas in deep coal seam, emission and emission intensity will greatly increase the difficulty and the severity of this disaster is bound to intensify the management of gas happen. Gas drainage is the fundamental measure to prevent gas accident in coal mine in our country, namely the stope coal seam and goaf by combined gas drainage method and drainage technology, has achieved some experience in a certain degree Ease of stope gas and local gas accumulation, but failed to find change of the coal seam drilling and goaf gas flow field, the mechanism of gas migration in coal seam and goaf area is not good, cause coal seam and goaf gas drainage effect is generally poor, low drainage rate for. The above, based on laboratory experiments, field observation results based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation for leading coal seam drilling and goaf gas emission law through theoretical analysis, the mechanism of dynamic changes of flow field and gas migration, establish specific mining conditions of stope gas migration mathematical model, numerical solution preparation development of coalbed gas migration computer program, mining and rule of gas migration simulation of coal seam, combining with the actual, put forward coal seam and goaf gas drainage technology scheme. First analyzes the specific sources of mine gas gushing. By law, the gas desorption law of laboratory test of Yuhua Coal Mine coal sample, the gas adsorption constant work Yuhua Coal Mine 2108 coal mining face of coal, coal porosity, permeability and other important parameters, the physical properties of coal seam gas occurrence and coal are better understood, and gets the key data the relevant parameters of gas emission of coal drilling. The gas desorption process to simulate the process of gas emission of coal and coal in goaf, the coal goaf as a coal particle size of loose accumulation combination, through the test of different size range, the gas desorption law of different gas desorption pressure on certain the quality of the coal particles, the test results are applied to Yuhua Coal 2108 working face goaf, gas desorption characteristic parameters of the mining face goaf left coal quality unit, and qualitative analysis. The distribution of the concentration of gas in air. Then to explore the emission features of Yuhua Coal Mine 2108 coal seam gas occurrence and gas, the original coal gas pressure determination, and field observation of drilling natural gas emission velocity, the cumulative flow varying with observation time, provide the basic parameters for numerical simulation of borehole gas emission, and provide the test in order to verify the data of gas emission based on the numerical model. The observation in laboratory and field, combined with the dual pore characteristics of coal seam gas, according to the transport mechanism, put forward the coal gas double double pore flow theory that drilling gas flow model should include the coupling between flow matrix and crack gas gas flow model the model and the derived coal dual pore drilling gas double percolation mathematical model, with the help of computer language self development The model calculation software < borehole gas flow analysis software COMESS 2.0>, and the numerical simulation of gas emission process with the help of the software, get the speed of gas emission, emission of gas accumulation curve changes with time, and the results were compared with field test, simulation of borehole gas emission rate. The accumulation of gas flow on the whole and the measured results are consistent. Then using the self-developed software solution pumping borehole gas under different emission parameters is simulated. The influence law of different drainage parameters of drill hole effective drainage radius. In pre drainage time when the suction pressure is greater drilling, effective drainage radius is bigger, and with increase of suction pressure and its influence on the effective drainage radius decreases. In drilling drainage negative pressure, pre pumping time is longer, the effective pumping hole drilling Put the bigger the radius, and with the pre drainage time, effective pumping increase rate put radius decreases. At the same time, with the suction pressure increase, drainage volume becomes larger. With the pure negative pressure to enhance the impact of drilling, put on the pure volume change of negative pressure single gradually weakened. A drilling drainage borehole scalar and the linear relationship between the diameter of the hole diameter, indicating that the expansion will increase the amount of pure gas drainage and increase the effective drainage radius. In reality the conditions allow, can be considered as the construction of large diameter drilling. According to the simulation results and numerical field of 2108 working face in 2# coal seam, the design for gas the working surface drainage schemes, determine the drainage hole spacing is 6.5m, the suction pressure is 0.55MPa, pre drainage time was 270 days. According to the determined drainage parameters, the working surface of the seam drainage borehole parameters were considered gob layout. With mining changing characteristics and coal gas diffusion law, research on gas migration. Based on the basic laws of fluid, considering the actual goaf conditions, establish goaf gas concentration field of two-dimensional equilibrium equation, combined with the characteristics of goaf and the boundary conditions were established by gas concentration field of the mathematical model. The mathematical model of gas migration in goaf is established based on considering the actual characteristics of goaf in mining process, determine the goaf gas concentration field calculation model, numerical model, the finite volume method based on discrete gas pressure field and gas concentration field, build the node the gas pressure and the concentration calculation of linear equations. The coefficient matrix of the linear equations, the coefficient matrix of linear equation group is compressed by solving the equations of Gauss Seidel method; preparation of developed goaf tile Software simulation, migration, and the gas concentration of the specific mining conditions of stope was numerically simulated. In Yuhua Coal Mine 2108 working face as an example, the numerical goaf gas developed calculation software, the actual speed of simulation Yuhua Coal Mine Goaf under multi physical distribution, including gas pressure field. Airflow velocity, gas velocity and gas concentration field. Commonly used methods to analyze the gob gas drainage and its advantages and disadvantages, based on the theoretical and numerical results, combining with the actual Yuhua Coal Mine, put forward long closed wall intubation way for gas drainage, drainage and drilling parameters were arranged. The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following three points: (1) based on Determination of related parameters were studied in laboratory experiments and field, combined with the dual pore characteristics of coal seam gas, according to the transport mechanism, put forward the coal body double Double porosity gas seepage theory, established coal dual pore drilling gas double percolation mathematical model; (2) developed a drilling gas flow numerical simulation software: drilling gas flow analysis software COMESS 2.0>. was simulated using the software of different pumping borehole parameters of the emission process, different extraction parameters on the effective drilling influence of mining pumping radius; (3) the basic conservation laws of fluid based on goaf was established two dimensional gas concentration field balance equation, considering the actual goaf boundary conditions, and then established the goaf gas concentration field mathematical model. The finite volume method based on discrete goaf gas pressure field and concentration field construction of nodes of gas pressure and concentration calculation of linear equations; the development of numerical simulation software of goaf gas migration, and the specific conditions of mining goaf under multi physics field in numerical simulation.

【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(北京)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD712

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