本文選題：路網(wǎng)環(huán)境　切入點：高速公路　出處：《長安大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：本文以路網(wǎng)環(huán)境下高速公路交通安全和高效運行的需求為出發(fā)點，綜合采用文獻研究法、數(shù)學(xué)建模法、經(jīng)驗總結(jié)法、對比分析法、功能分析法等對高速公路運行保障技術(shù)體系進行了研究，內(nèi)容包括高速公路交通安全風(fēng)險預(yù)警、高速公路交通事故影響范圍分析、事故條件下高速公路交通運行狀態(tài)評價、事故條件下高速公路交通組織技術(shù)、高速公路交通設(shè)施運行效率保障技術(shù)以及事故條件下高速公路交通組織管理系統(tǒng)研究。 對于常態(tài)情況，為了預(yù)防和減少事故發(fā)生，研究了高速公路交通安全風(fēng)險預(yù)警。將高速公路交通安全風(fēng)險預(yù)警分為一級預(yù)警——高速公路交通安全風(fēng)險評價和二級預(yù)警——高速公路交通安全風(fēng)險敏感性分析。對于一級預(yù)警，論文將層次分析法（AHP）、逼近理想點排序法（TOPSIS）、秩和比法（RSR）三種方法結(jié)合起來，創(chuàng)新性地形成了基于AHP-T OPSIS-RSR法的高速公路交通安全風(fēng)險評價模型，通過結(jié)算得到高速公路交通安全風(fēng)險等級；對于二級預(yù)警，論文采用基于正交試驗的敏感度分析法，根據(jù)敏感度值排序確定敏感風(fēng)險因素。 對于事故發(fā)生的情形，通過研究事故條件下車輛繞行行為，研究了高速公路交通事故影響范圍。將事故條件下駕駛?cè)说穆窂竭x擇行為分為“繞行”和“不繞行”兩類；對于不繞行的情況，用交通波理論研究受高速公路交通事故影響的路段范圍；對于繞行的情況，用改進的Logit隨機路徑選擇模型研究上游車輛的繞行路徑選擇狀況，得到受繞行影響的各路段的交通量；通過對比正常情況下與事故繞行情況下各路段交通量的變化情況，確定哪些路段為受影響路段，最終確定高速公路交通事故影響路網(wǎng)。 為了確定高速公路交通事故影響程度，通過建立針對事故條件下高速公路節(jié)點、路段、路網(wǎng)三個層面的交通運行狀態(tài)評價指標(biāo)體系和評價方法，根據(jù)事故條件下節(jié)點、路段、路網(wǎng)所處的交通運行狀態(tài)的優(yōu)劣來確定事故影響程度的大小。 為了快速消除事故影響，在區(qū)域交通組織基礎(chǔ)理論——包括路網(wǎng)形態(tài)分析、事故影響區(qū)劃分、事故持續(xù)時間分析和主要交通組織方式及其適應(yīng)性分析的基礎(chǔ)上，重點針對基本路段和隧道事故的緊急交通組織技術(shù)進行了研究，確定了不同事故情形下的交通組織方案。 為了在常態(tài)條件下防止事故發(fā)生和事故條件下減輕事故傷害，研究了高速公路交通設(shè)施運行保障技術(shù)問題。在國內(nèi)外最新技術(shù)規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基礎(chǔ)上，引入國內(nèi)外先進的交通設(shè)施設(shè)計理念，，應(yīng)用最新的理論和應(yīng)用成果，分別研究了交通標(biāo)志、標(biāo)線、護欄、可變信息標(biāo)志（VMS）、以及其他安全設(shè)施的優(yōu)化，并從照明燈具選擇及照明控制兩方面對隧道照明進行了優(yōu)化。 最后，為了實現(xiàn)路網(wǎng)環(huán)境下高速公路交通安全和運行效率保障技術(shù)體系的計算機化，研究了事故條件下高速公路交通組織管理系統(tǒng)，設(shè)計了系統(tǒng)框架。 論文的研究對于解決目前我國高速公路存在的交通安全狀況差和運行效率低的問題，改善高速公路運行狀況、提高抗風(fēng)險能力，從而提高運營效益，具有較大的理論和應(yīng)用意義。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the highway traffic safety and efficient operation of the network environment needs as the starting point, the comprehensive use of literature study, mathematical modeling method, experience method, comparative analysis, functional analysis and other research on the security technology system of expressway operation, including highway traffic safety risk warning analysis of expressway traffic accident influence scope highway traffic state evaluation, accident conditions, highway traffic organization technology under accident conditions, highway traffic facilities efficiency security technology and accident conditions of highway traffic management system.
For normal circumstances, in order to prevent and reduce accidents on freeway traffic safety risk early warning. The freeway traffic safety risk early warning as a warning: freeway traffic safety risk assessment and early warning level two - highway traffic safety risk sensitivity analysis. For a warning, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), close to the ideal permutation method (TOPSIS), RSR method (RSR) combining three methods, creatively formed a freeway traffic safety risk evaluation AHP-T model based on OPSIS-RSR method, get the freeway traffic safety risk level through the settlement; for the two warning, the sensitivity analysis method based on orthogonal test, according to the sensitive value to determine the sensitive risk factors ranking.
The accident happened, the vehicle accident conditions of bypass behavior, research on expressway traffic accident influence scope. The accident conditions of driver route choice behavior is divided into "bypass" and "bypass" two; for the situation that some of the affected highway traffic accidents on road traffic wave theory for the situation that some of the range; with the improved Logit random path selection of upstream model vehicle bypass path selection, traffic each section by the bypass bypass impact; changes in the road traffic conditions and accidents by comparing the normal circumstances, determine which sections of the affected roads, and ultimately determine the highway influence of road traffic accidents.
In order to determine the degree of influence of highway traffic accidents, through the establishment of the node, Expressway accident conditions section, the evaluation index system and evaluation method of traffic running in three level network, according to the accident under the condition of node, road traffic condition, the quality to determine the size of the extent of the impact of the accident.
To eliminate the impact of the accident in the regional traffic organization theory -- including network morphology analysis, the effects of the accident area, analysis and adaptability of incident duration analysis and main traffic organization mode, focus on emergency traffic organization technology for basic section and tunnel accidents were studied, to determine the traffic organization scheme of different accident scenarios next.
In order to prevent accidents and accident conditions under normal conditions to reduce accidents, the freeway traffic facilities operation efficiencytechnologies. At home and abroad the latest technical specifications and standards on the basis of introducing the concept of domestic and foreign advanced design of traffic facilities, the latest theoretical and practical application of the results, studied traffic sign. Marking, guardrail, variable message signs (VMS), as well as the optimization of other safety facilities, and lighting and lighting control from the two aspects of the optimization of tunnel lighting.
Finally, in order to realize the computerization of the technical system of highway traffic safety and operation efficiency under the road network environment, we studied the traffic organization and management system of freeway under accident conditions, and designed the system framework.
The research of this paper is of great theoretical and practical significance to solve the problems of poor traffic safety and low operation efficiency of our highways, improve the operation status of expressway, improve the ability to resist risks, and improve operational efficiency.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：U492.8

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本文編號：1672002