本文選題：防災(zāi)減災(zāi)　切入點(diǎn)：應(yīng)急包　出處：《北京建筑大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)是自然災(zāi)害多發(fā)的國(guó)家，具有種類(lèi)多、損害大、地域廣、頻率高等特征。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，旱災(zāi)占57%，水災(zāi)占30%，風(fēng)雹災(zāi)占8%，霜凍災(zāi)占5%，除此之外，隨著人民生活水平的提高，家用電器的增多也使得火災(zāi)發(fā)生的頻率也大大提高。還有突發(fā)性強(qiáng)、連鎖性強(qiáng)，影響深遠(yuǎn)且無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確預(yù)報(bào)的地震和突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件如SARS，禽流感等。作為現(xiàn)有社會(huì)的基本組成方式——家庭，不僅僅是人們居住和活動(dòng)的場(chǎng)所，也是我們工作學(xué)習(xí)的背后支撐。無(wú)論火災(zāi)、地震還是洪水突然來(lái)臨時(shí)，能否在第一時(shí)間展開(kāi)自救是減少生命財(cái)產(chǎn)損失的關(guān)鍵。由于突發(fā)災(zāi)害的頻繁發(fā)生，世界各國(guó)不約而同地提高了對(duì)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作的重視。不過(guò)，基本停留在保障災(zāi)后物質(zhì)供給和完善大規(guī)模應(yīng)急運(yùn)輸體系。以家庭為單位的自救自助尚未引起足夠的重視，但普通家庭對(duì)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)應(yīng)急產(chǎn)品的需求正逐漸升溫。由于國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)家用防災(zāi)減災(zāi)產(chǎn)品的研究尚處于起步階段，資料嚴(yán)重缺乏，甚至很多概念都沒(méi)有定義，理論研究舉步維艱。這更加凸顯了開(kāi)展家庭防災(zāi)減災(zāi)理論和家用防災(zāi)減災(zāi)應(yīng)急產(chǎn)品研究的緊迫性和重要性。在這樣的大背景下，，本文針對(duì)家用防災(zāi)減災(zāi)應(yīng)急產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)展開(kāi)研究。 論文遵循提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題——解決問(wèn)題的研究路徑。通過(guò)第一章緒論來(lái)闡明課題研究背景、思路方法和論文研究?jī)r(jià)值。收集了大量國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)資料，介紹了課題的研究背景、研究意義和指導(dǎo)思想。第二章介紹了家用應(yīng)急產(chǎn)品的起源與發(fā)展史，并對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)外的家用應(yīng)急產(chǎn)品分別進(jìn)行了分析、比較。對(duì)比了各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足，總結(jié)了我國(guó)在該領(lǐng)域應(yīng)借鑒國(guó)外先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的方面。第三章對(duì)我國(guó)應(yīng)急產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的調(diào)研，并總結(jié)了調(diào)研內(nèi)容。第四章以第三章的調(diào)研成果為依據(jù)，分析了家用應(yīng)急產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)重點(diǎn)與設(shè)計(jì)原則。第五章以前四章的研究成果為指導(dǎo)，進(jìn)行整合優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，總結(jié)出適合我國(guó)不同人群使用的應(yīng)急包（箱）并進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明。論文旨在通過(guò)資料整理和調(diào)查研究，對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)應(yīng)急包進(jìn)行一個(gè)整合歸納、創(chuàng)新優(yōu)化。明確適用于我國(guó)國(guó)情的應(yīng)急產(chǎn)品，并在國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新，設(shè)計(jì)出適用于我國(guó)不同人群使用的家用應(yīng)急功能包（箱）。無(wú)論國(guó)內(nèi)還是國(guó)外，關(guān)于家用應(yīng)急產(chǎn)品的著作都不多，研究多集中于災(zāi)后運(yùn)輸、建筑、心理學(xué)等方面，但國(guó)外對(duì)家用防災(zāi)減災(zāi)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的重視程度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于我國(guó)，尤其是處于地震高發(fā)區(qū)的日本在有關(guān)地震的預(yù)防應(yīng)急方面的研究已經(jīng)趨于成熟。西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家不僅在家用防災(zāi)減災(zāi)產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)方面居于領(lǐng)先地位，在國(guó)民防災(zāi)減災(zāi)教育上也遙遙領(lǐng)先。我們應(yīng)積極借鑒國(guó)外先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，深入開(kāi)展家用防災(zāi)減災(zāi)應(yīng)急產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)研究，迅速提高開(kāi)發(fā)、設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)能力。時(shí)至今日，防災(zāi)減災(zāi)依然是復(fù)雜的社會(huì)化的系統(tǒng)工程，深入社會(huì)的方方面面。涉及各個(gè)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域（涉及機(jī)械車(chē)輛學(xué)、氣象學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、勘探學(xué)）和國(guó)民生活中的各個(gè)部門(mén)、環(huán)節(jié)，在減少人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失方面發(fā)揮著巨大作用。作為防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作中的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)，家用防災(zāi)減災(zāi)應(yīng)急產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)研究更應(yīng)受到重視。
[Abstract]:China is a country prone to natural disasters, has many kinds of damage, wide area, high frequency characteristics. According to statistics, the drought flood accounted for 57%, accounting for 30%, accounting for 8% of wind and hail, frost disaster accounted for 5%, in addition, with the improvement of living standards, the increase in household appliances also makes the fire the frequency of occurrence is greatly improved. There is a sudden strong, strong chain, far-reaching influence and unable to accurately forecast the earthquake and public health emergencies such as SARS, bird flu and so on. As the basic composition of the existing social family, not just people living and activities, and we work behind both. Fire, earthquake or flood suddenly comes, whether in the first time to start self-help is the key to reduce the loss of life and property. Due to frequent sudden disasters, countries in the world generally improved for disaster prevention and mitigation work seriously. However, only perfect large-scale emergency transportation system in post disaster material supply and security. The family as a unit of self-help self-help has not yet attracted enough attention, but ordinary families for disaster prevention and emergency products demand is gradually warming. Because the domestic is still in the initial stage of research on disaster prevention and mitigation of household products, a serious lack of information, and even many have no concept definition, theoretical research difficult. This underscores the importance and urgency to carry out the research on family disaster prevention and reduction theory and domestic disaster prevention and emergency products. In this background, this paper studies the design of household products for disaster prevention and emergency.
This paper follows the questions on the path analysis of the problem - to solve the problem. The first chapter is the introduction to clarify the research background, research methods and ideas of value. A large collection of relevant information at home and abroad, introduces the research background, research significance and guiding ideology. The second chapter introduces the origin and development of domestic emergency products, and the domestic and foreign products, domestic emergency are analyzed and compared. Comparing their advantages and disadvantages, summarized our country should learn from foreign advanced experience in this field. The third chapter makes a detailed research on the emergency product market in China, and summarizes the research contents of the fourth chapter to research. The results of the third chapter according to the analysis and design of the key design principles of domestic emergency products. In the fifth chapter, the four chapter of the previous research results as a guide to optimize the design, integration, summary The emergency package is suitable for different people in China use (box) and makes a detailed description of the design. The thesis aims at data collection and Research on the domestic emergency package are summarized, an integrated optimization and innovation. Emergency products specifically applicable to the situation of our country, and in the innovation of products on the basis of design, suitable for home emergency function in different populations in China using the package (box). Both at home and abroad, a domestic emergency product works are not many studies focused on post disaster transportation, architecture, psychology and other aspects, but the country of household disaster prevention on disaster reduction of product design is far higher than that in China especially in the study, in the prevention of emergency response of the earthquake in Japan earthquake has been mature. Western developed countries not only in the leading position in the development of domestic products in the national disaster prevention and mitigation. Disaster prevention education is way ahead. We should actively learn from foreign advanced experience, carry out the design and research of domestic disaster prevention and emergency products, rapid development, design and production capacity. Today, the disaster prevention and mitigation is still a complex social system project, in-depth all aspects of society. Involving various disciplines (Mechanics vehicle science, meteorology, economics, science exploration) each department, and the national life link, plays a great role in reducing casualties and property losses. As a key part of disaster prevention and mitigation, disaster prevention and emergency design of household products should receive more attention.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X924.4;TB472

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