本文選題：煤或瓦斯噴出　切入點(diǎn)：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)理　出處：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)煤礦瓦斯賦存條件復(fù)雜，低透氣性煤層居多，普通鉆孔瓦斯抽采效果不甚理想，需要采取其他卸壓增透措施予以輔助。理論分析及工程實(shí)踐均表明：鉆割一體化水力割縫技術(shù)是目前提高瓦斯抽采效果、消除煤體突出危險(xiǎn)性的有效措施之一。但突出煤層多為高瓦斯低透氣性松軟煤層，鉆割過(guò)程中煤或瓦斯噴出現(xiàn)象（簡(jiǎn)稱“噴出”）時(shí)有發(fā)生，影響鉆割施工進(jìn)度，并在一定程度上制約了該技術(shù)的推廣應(yīng)用。 本論文以完善鉆割理論及裝備、指導(dǎo)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)防噴出工作、保障鉆割作業(yè)安全高效開(kāi)展為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，圍繞煤或瓦斯噴出這一中心點(diǎn)，采用理論分析、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)考察、數(shù)值模擬、裝備及配套工藝研發(fā)、工業(yè)性試驗(yàn)等手段開(kāi)展研究，主要成果如下： 首先，結(jié)合理論積累及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)考察，從概論的角度探討煤或瓦斯噴出現(xiàn)象。提出了噴出的概念，依據(jù)不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)其進(jìn)行分類，并與普通噴孔對(duì)比，闡述了噴出的主要特點(diǎn)，還對(duì)噴出進(jìn)行利弊分析，深入認(rèn)識(shí)了噴出現(xiàn)象。 其次，從能量的角度，運(yùn)用綜合作用假說(shuō)，闡述了孔內(nèi)突出過(guò)程；從煤漿液、瓦斯兩相流的角度，，分別分析了鉆桿靜止和旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)環(huán)形空間水力排渣流型及其特征參數(shù)。并基于如上理論，依次探討了干式鉆進(jìn)及退鉆割縫兩個(gè)階段的噴出發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)理，為深入研究防噴出方法奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。 再次，根據(jù)不同的射流壓力和鉆機(jī)鉆速組合，提出了“強(qiáng)水快割”和“細(xì)水慢割”兩種水力割縫方式，然后結(jié)合FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)，分析了割縫方式、割縫階段、煤層厚度等因素對(duì)噴出的影響。發(fā)現(xiàn)“強(qiáng)水快割”式水力割縫更易誘發(fā)噴出，并綜合考察煤體消突和噴出可控，確定15MPa、160r/min為試驗(yàn)礦井最佳射流壓力和鉆機(jī)鉆速。 最后，研發(fā)了新型高效放水排渣、抽排瓦斯、孔口除塵三位一體防噴出裝置及配套鉆割新工藝，新工藝采用慢速干式鉆進(jìn)和“細(xì)水慢割式”退鉆割縫，實(shí)用有效�，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：新型裝置及工藝抽排瓦斯、落水降塵效果顯著（巷道瓦斯?jié)舛?.2%、平均除塵率90%），保證了鉆割作業(yè)安全高效開(kāi)展，提高了煤體消突效果。
[Abstract]:The conditions of gas storage in coal mines in our country are complex, the coal seams with low permeability are in the majority, and the effect of gas extraction by common boreholes is not ideal. Other pressure relief and antireflection measures are needed to assist. Theoretical analysis and engineering practice show that the integrated drilling and cutting hydraulic joint cutting technology is to improve the gas drainage effect at present. One of the effective measures to eliminate the danger of coal outburst is that most of the outburst coal seams are soft coal seams with high gas and low permeability, and the phenomenon of coal or gas ejection ("ejection") occurs frequently during drilling and cutting, which affects the progress of drilling and cutting construction. To some extent, it restricts the popularization and application of this technology. In this paper, to improve drilling theory and equipment, to guide the field anti-jet work, to ensure the safe and efficient development of drilling operations, around this central point of coal or gas ejection, theoretical analysis, on-site investigation, numerical simulation, The main results are as follows: (1) equipment and supporting technology research and development, industrial testing and other means to carry out the research, the main results are as follows:. First of all, combined with theoretical accumulation and field investigation, the phenomenon of coal or gas emission is discussed from the perspective of introduction. The concept of coal or gas emission is put forward and classified according to different standards. The advantages and disadvantages of ejection are also analyzed, and the phenomenon of ejection is deeply understood. Secondly, from the point of view of energy and comprehensive action hypothesis, the process of outburst in the hole and the two-phase flow of coal slurry and gas are expounded. The hydraulic slagging flow pattern and its characteristic parameters in annular space are analyzed respectively when the drill pipe is at rest and rotating. Based on the above theory, the ejection mechanism of dry-drilling and back-drilling seam is discussed in turn. It lays a theoretical foundation for further research on the method of preventing ejection. Thirdly, according to different combination of jet pressure and drilling speed, two hydraulic slit modes of "strong water quick cutting" and "fine water slow cutting" are put forward. Then, combined with FLAC3D numerical simulation and field test, the slit mode and slit stage are analyzed. The influence of coal seam thickness and other factors on the ejection. It is found that the "strong water quick cutting" hydraulic slit is more likely to induce ejection, and comprehensive investigation is made to control the outburst suppression and ejection of coal body, and the optimum jet pressure and drilling speed of drilling rig are determined to be 15 MPA / 160 r / min. Finally, a new type of high efficient water and slag discharge, gas drainage, orifice dust removal and a new matching drilling and cutting process are developed. The new technology adopts slow dry drilling and "fine water slow cutting" back cutting seam. Practical and effective. The field test results show that: the new device and technology drainage gas, falling water dust control effect is remarkable (gas concentration in roadway 0.2, average dust removal rate 90%, ensure the drilling operation safe and efficient, improve the coal body outburst suppression effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TD712.7

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本文編號(hào)：1635895