本文選題：頂板　切入點：鉆孔　出處：《中國礦業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經濟的高速發(fā)展,煤炭的需求量也與日俱增,進而導致了煤炭的開采深度逐年增加,隨之而來的是越來越嚴重的礦井瓦斯災害。目前,煤層水力割縫卸壓增透強化瓦斯抽采技術措施已經成為治理瓦斯災害的主要技術手段之一。然而,當前的水力割縫技術措施主要布置底板巷穿層鉆孔,頂板巷內水力割縫的相關現(xiàn)場實驗缺乏廣泛開展。針對此問題,采用理論分析、實驗室物理實驗、數(shù)值模擬和現(xiàn)場實驗相結合的手段,對頂板巷內水力割縫特性及其對瓦斯抽采的影響進行研究,得到了如下主要研究成果:(1)根據(jù)頂板巷內鉆孔角度的不同,將割縫過程中高壓水射流分成淹沒狀態(tài)和非淹沒狀態(tài),并分別闡述了二者的基本形態(tài)和動力學特征,建立了頂板巷鉆孔內割縫堵塞的力學微分方程,并按現(xiàn)場實際參數(shù)予以驗證,給出了頂板巷割縫的適用條件。(2)通過實驗室物理實驗,從試塊表面應變變化特征反映出當對試塊施加低壓水射流沖擊動載時上行鉆孔擾動略強;當施加的水射流沖擊動載進入中高壓區(qū)段時,下行鉆孔的擾動效果明顯更為劇烈。進而觀察試塊的破裂特征發(fā)現(xiàn),中高壓區(qū)段的試塊破裂表現(xiàn)出氣蝕作用的影響。因此提出超前破壞范圍的概念來解釋下行鉆孔內割縫具有更好擾動效果的現(xiàn)象,初步認為下行鉆孔的破煤巖性能優(yōu)越主要是由于存在表面空蝕階段導致的。(3)采用數(shù)值模擬手段,對頂板巷水力割縫后煤層的殘余瓦斯壓力進行了分析。研究得到頂板巷進行水力割縫后,鉆孔在垂直方向和水平方向上均存在強烈的耦合效應,鉆孔之間互相強化,提高了單孔瓦斯抽采效率。進而分析認為,鉆場布置的間距不能僅考慮單一鉆孔的影響范圍,還應當考慮鉆孔之間的耦合作用,避免大量工程施工。對比了頂?shù)装逑锼Ω羁p的效果,發(fā)現(xiàn)頂板巷內水力割縫后煤層卸壓消突區(qū)域具有更好的連通性和均勻性。(4)結合現(xiàn)場實驗數(shù)據(jù),得到頂板巷割縫后瓦斯抽采的濃度和純流量均有提高,認為頂板巷水力割縫具有良好煤層卸壓增透效果,同時對實驗室物理實驗和數(shù)值模擬實驗的結果給予驗證。以上研究成果對頂板巷內水力割縫的推廣奠定了理論基礎,對今后的現(xiàn)場施工具有明顯的指導意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the demand for coal is increasing day by day, which leads to the coal mining depth increasing year by year, followed by more and more serious mine gas disaster. The technical measures of pressure relief, antireflection and enhancement of gas drainage in coal seams have become one of the main technical means for gas disaster control. However, the current hydraulic seam cutting technology mainly arranges boreholes in floor roadways. The related field experiments of hydraulic slit in roof roadway are not widely carried out. In view of this problem, the method of combining theoretical analysis, laboratory physical experiment, numerical simulation and field experiment is adopted. The characteristics of hydraulic slit in roof roadway and its influence on gas drainage are studied. The main research results are as follows: 1) according to the different drilling angles in roof roadway, the high pressure water jet in the process of cutting seam is divided into submerged state and non-submerged state. The basic morphology and dynamic characteristics of the two are expounded respectively, and the mechanical differential equations of cutting joint blockage in roof roadway are established and verified according to the actual parameters in the field. In this paper, the suitable condition of roof roadway slit is given. (2) according to the physical experiment in laboratory, according to the characteristics of strain variation on the surface of the test block, the upward borehole disturbance is slightly stronger when the low pressure water jet impinges on the test block. When the applied water jet impinges the dynamic load into the middle and high pressure section, the disturbance effect of the downgoing borehole is obviously more intense. The fracture of the specimen in the middle and high pressure section shows the effect of cavitation, so the concept of leading failure range is put forward to explain the phenomenon that the internal cutting joint of downlink borehole has better disturbance effect. It is preliminarily considered that the superior performance of coal breaking rock in downlink drilling is mainly due to the existence of surface cavitation stage. The residual gas pressure of coal seam after hydraulic seam cutting in roof roadway is analyzed. It is found that there are strong coupling effects in vertical and horizontal direction after hydraulic seam cutting in roof roadway, and the boreholes reinforce each other. The efficiency of single hole gas extraction is improved, and it is concluded that the spacing of drilling field should not only consider the influence range of single borehole, but also consider the coupling action between boreholes. In order to avoid a large amount of engineering construction, the effect of hydraulic joint cutting in roof and floor roadway is compared, and it is found that there is better connectivity and uniformity in the area of pressure relief and outburst suppression after hydraulic slit in roof roadway. The concentration and pure flow rate of gas drainage are increased after cutting seam of roof roadway. It is considered that hydraulic cutting seam of roof roadway has good effect of pressure relief and antireflection of coal seam. At the same time, the results of laboratory physical experiments and numerical simulation experiments have been verified. The above research results have laid a theoretical foundation for the popularization of hydraulic joints in roof roadways, and have obvious guiding significance for the field construction in the future.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD712.6

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