本文選題：放頂煤開采　切入點(diǎn)：采放比　出處：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：放頂煤開采是十分重要的厚煤層采煤方法。煤與瓦斯突出(簡稱“突出”)煤層放頂煤開采在我國至今仍存在有利于抑制和增加突出危險性兩種截然相反的學(xué)術(shù)觀點(diǎn)；現(xiàn)行《煤礦安全規(guī)程》禁止突出煤層放頂煤開采及其采放比’確定依據(jù)也欠充分。本論文針對長壁式放頂煤開采采高一定不同采放比對突出危險性的影響進(jìn)行了研究,以探索突出厚煤層放頂煤開采的安全性、可行性、存在問題及其防治對策,為其安全開采提供技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)理論與依據(jù)。 在調(diào)查突出厚煤層放頂煤開采及研究現(xiàn)狀基礎(chǔ)上,從瓦斯地質(zhì)、工程技術(shù)兩方面分析了突出影響因素,發(fā)現(xiàn)該采煤方法的采放比技術(shù)參數(shù)對突出的影響效應(yīng)復(fù)雜。放頂煤、采煤機(jī)割煤及炮采落煤工藝對突出影響存在差異,采放比是主要敏感安全參數(shù),而放頂煤工作面寬度、支架高低位頂煤方式、回采速度等因素處于從屬地位。 在總結(jié)長壁式放頂煤開采支承壓力分布一般規(guī)律研究成果基礎(chǔ)上,對初采期首輪放煤應(yīng)力分布采用FLAC3D軟件進(jìn)行模擬,得到頂板來壓前的初采期放頂煤圍巖應(yīng)力重新分布會導(dǎo)致采煤分層前、后方煤壁附近應(yīng)力集中且工作面應(yīng)力梯度有增大趨勢；這與頂板來后的正常期隨采高或采放厚度增加卸壓區(qū)及集中應(yīng)力區(qū)寬度增加、峰值應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)及工作面應(yīng)力梯度降低的趨勢不同。 針對放頂煤開采復(fù)雜動、靜態(tài)力學(xué)作用過程,基于瞬態(tài)動力運(yùn)動方程采用有限元ANSYS10.0瞬態(tài)分析模塊分析了某礦煤系條件采高2.5m、采放比1：3的初采期和及正常期放頂煤的應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變及彈性能釋放演化分布等力學(xué)特征,以及不同采放比、頂板來壓對其力學(xué)特征效應(yīng),發(fā)現(xiàn)初次放煤過程附近10m應(yīng)力隨時間變化,不同采放比應(yīng)力峰值分布在放煤附近6m左右,工作面前、后方煤壁附近應(yīng)力梯度增大。初采期首次放煤所釋放彈性能是第二次放煤的3.5倍左右；采放比增加,放煤口附近20m范圍內(nèi)釋放彈性能增加。初采期首次放頂煤在相同時間內(nèi)采放比在1：3范圍內(nèi)增加不明顯；超過1：3范圍,其彈性能釋放增加顯著。放頂煤在頂板初次來壓、周期來壓和正�；夭善趶椥阅茚尫欧謩e分布在工作面前方25m、30m、40m,工作面中部較兩側(cè)釋放多,且隨采放比增加而增大。頂板來壓時彈性能釋放具有集中性,初次來壓是正�；夭傻膬杀抖�,且比周期來壓時多；工作面附近煤體位移在頂板初次、周期來壓期間顯著增加。正�；夭蛇^程彈性能釋放集中在工作面前方20m,且隨采放比增加增幅減緩、釋放范圍有增加趨勢；同時,工作面卸壓區(qū)寬度增大、應(yīng)力峰值集中系數(shù)減小。 基于初采期切眼簡化為圓形巷道彈塑性、流變等理論分析：頂煤及切眼巷道兩側(cè)煤壁附近一定范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生卸壓帶；小采放比的頂煤處于切眼巷道卸壓影響范圍內(nèi)時,放頂煤對突出危險影響��；反之,大采放比的頂煤處于切眼巷道產(chǎn)生的集中應(yīng)力影響范圍內(nèi)時,放頂煤則增加了突出危險。 此外,基于煤層瓦斯含量滿足朗格繆爾方程、瓦斯流動過程等溫且符合達(dá)西定律條件,建立了工作面煤層支承壓力與瓦斯?jié)B流隨時間變化的三維方程,采用ANSYS10.0熱分析模塊對放頂煤工作面切眼巷道、初采期放頂煤瓦斯流動場時空演化分布特征進(jìn)行模擬,發(fā)現(xiàn)切眼巷道瓦斯排放寬度約為采高3倍,初采期首次放煤過程附近產(chǎn)生的瓦斯壓力梯度比第二次放煤的瓦斯壓力梯度大,首采放煤突出危險較第二次放煤突出危險大。 根據(jù)放數(shù)值模擬、理論分析及現(xiàn)場資料統(tǒng)計分析等綜合研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)了采放比對煤與瓦斯突出危險性的影響規(guī)律。初采期,煤層厚度10m、采放比1：3以內(nèi),采放比對突出危險影響不大；超過此范圍,采放比增加,突出危險性增大。正�；夭善�,采放比增大可以一定程度緩解地應(yīng)力主導(dǎo)型突出危險。 基于突出礦井兩級“四位一體”綜合防治技術(shù)體系,初步總結(jié)出突出煤層放頂煤開采合理巷道布置、開采工藝參數(shù)等安全開采技術(shù),提出了放頂煤開采工作面預(yù)測新要求,并在現(xiàn)場應(yīng)用取得了良好效果。 放頂煤工作面預(yù)測鉆孔應(yīng)間隔10-15m布置兩排分別控制頂煤與采煤分層,在切眼兩幫及初次期工作面前方預(yù)測孔深不少于10m、正�；夭善跍y孔6-8m。初采期放煤與采煤分別留10m、5m安全煤柱；正�；夭蛇^程預(yù)測超前及措施超前距較一般采煤工作面有所增加。
[Abstract]:The top coal caving mining in thick coal seam mining method is very important. The coal and gas outburst (referred to as "outstanding") top coal mining in our country there are still conducive to curb and increase the outburst of two opposite academic point of view of coal seam; coal mine safety regulations prohibit the current < > outburst coal seam caving coal mining and mining ratio "according to the paper. Also due to the full longwall top coal caving ratio of different high tsetse outburst danger was studied, in order to explore the thick seam caving coal mining safety, feasibility, problems and countermeasures, provide the technical basis for the theory and basis of the exploitation of its safety.
In the investigation of thick seam caving mining and research based on the current situation, from the two aspects of gas geology, engineering and technical analysis of the prominent influence factors, the method of mining caving ratio technology parameters on the effect of highlighting the complex influence of top coal caving, shearer coal mining and coal blasting mining technology on the influence of prominent differences the caving ratio is the main safety sensitive parameters, and coal caving face width, stand high and low top coal mining methods, factors of speed in a subordinate position.
At the conclusion of longwall top coal caving mining abutment pressure distribution of the general law on the basis of the results of the first round of the initial mining stage coal stress distribution by using FLAC3D software to simulate rock caving mining period, get the roof pressure before the initial stress redistribution will lead to stratification before coal mining, the coal wall near the rear of stress concentration and work the surface stress gradient increases; the normal period and after the roof caving mining with high or increasing the thickness of the pressure relief area and stress concentration zone width increases, the peak stress concentration coefficient and surface stress gradient decreasing trend is different.
For the top coal caving mining complex dynamic and static mechanical process, transient dynamic motion equation by finite element transient analysis of ANSYS10.0 module analysis of coal mine based on the condition of a high 2.5m, caving stress ratio 1:3 and the initial mining stage and normal period caving, strain and elastic energy release distribution mechanical characteristics and different caving ratio, the roof pressure on the mechanical characteristics of the effect, found the initial caving process near 10m stress varies with time, different mining ratio peak stress distribution in coal caving near 6m, in front of the working face, stress gradient near the rear wall. The increasing of coal caving mining period for the first time at the beginning of the release the elastic energy is about 3.5 times of the second coal caving; caving ratio increased, the release of elastic coal near the mouth of the range of 20m can be increased. The initial mining period for the first time top coal caving ratio is not obvious increase in the range of 1:3 at the same time; the scope of more than 1:3, the bomb The performance of the release increased significantly. Caving in the roof first weighting and periodic weighting and normal recovery period elastic energy release respectively in front of the working face of 25m, 30m, 40m, in the middle of working face is on both sides of the release of more than, with mining ratio increasing. The roof pressure when the elastic energy release is concentrated, the first time the pressure is two times more than the normal mining, and the ratio of cycle to pressure; working face coal displacement near the roof at the first time, during the period pressure increased significantly. Normal mining process of elastic energy release in front of the working face of 20m, and with the increase of mining ratio slowed down, release range is increased; at the same time working face, pressure relief zone width increases, the peak value of the stress concentration coefficient decreases.
The initial mining stage cut is simplified as a circular tunnel elastic-plastic analysis based on rheological theory: top coal and cut near the roadway on both sides of the coal wall within a certain range of pressure relief zone; small mining caving ratio in cut roadway pressure relief range, top coal caving has little influence on the anti outburst danger; the caving ratio in cut roadway the stress influence range of large mining caving coal increased outburst danger.
In addition, the seam gas content meet on the basis of the Langmuir equation, the gas flow during isothermal and conform to Darcy law, three-dimensional equation working face support pressure and coalbed gas seepage changes over time was established, using ANSYS10.0 thermal analysis module of the top coal caving working face roadway caving period, gas flow field distribution was simulated at the beginning of evolution mining, found cut Roadway Gas Drainage mining width is about 3 times higher, the gas pressure gradient of gas pressure gradient in the initial mining stage first coal caving process generated near more than second coal, the first mining caving coal outburst risk is second times the coal outburst danger.
Based on the comprehensive study of numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and field data statistical analysis, found the influence of mining on coal and gas outburst hazard ratio. The initial mining period, coal seam thickness 10m, caving ratio less than 1:3, caving ratio has little effect on outburst danger; more than this range, the caving ratio increases, the outburst danger increased. Normal mining period, caving ratio can be alleviated to some extent stress oriented outburst.
System of comprehensive prevention and control technology of outburst coal mine two "four in one" based on the preliminary summary of the outburst coal seam caving coal mining roadway layout reasonable, safe mining technology parameters of mining technique, the top coal caving mining working face prediction of the new requirements, and achieved a good effect in field application.
Caving drilling prediction interval should be 10-15m two row layout control of top coal and coal mining in two layers, and the initial period to help cut in front of the working face prediction of hole depth of not less than 10m, normal mining period measuring hole 6-8m. at initial mining period of coal and coal mining were 10m, 5m security coal pillar; normal mining process forecast and measures from the more general mining face increased.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD713

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