本文選題：粉塵濃度檢測(cè)　切入點(diǎn)：浮游金屬粉塵濃度　出處：《煤炭科學(xué)研究總院》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)所產(chǎn)生的粉塵有二大危害,一是造成塵肺病的職業(yè)危害,二是會(huì)產(chǎn)生爆炸。粉塵爆炸需要具備三個(gè)條件,粉塵濃度超過(guò)一定限值是必要條件之一。具有爆炸性質(zhì)的粉塵種類(lèi)有7大類(lèi),其中拋光打磨、金屬材料加工等作業(yè)場(chǎng)所產(chǎn)生的金屬粉就是其中之一。因金屬粉塵沉積而引起的二次揚(yáng)塵可導(dǎo)致金屬粉塵在空氣中的濃度超過(guò)爆炸極限,而金屬粉塵爆炸事故一般后果非常嚴(yán)重,往往造成重大人員傷害和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,2014年江蘇昆山中榮金屬制品有限公司除塵系統(tǒng)沉積金屬粉塵的二次揚(yáng)塵形成粉塵云導(dǎo)致的粉塵爆炸事故、造成97人死亡、163人受傷就是最好的例證。針對(duì)拋光打磨作業(yè)場(chǎng)所的浮游金屬粉塵的檢測(cè)防護(hù)等相關(guān)研究被列入了 2016年國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃之中,因此,開(kāi)展拋光打磨作業(yè)場(chǎng)所浮游金屬粉塵濃度的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè),對(duì)提高高危區(qū)域粉塵濃度超標(biāo)監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警能力,有效預(yù)防粉塵爆炸事故的發(fā)生具有十分重要的意義。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外針對(duì)浮游金屬粉塵濃度檢測(cè)的相關(guān)研究很少。主要是由于國(guó)外針對(duì)工業(yè)作業(yè)場(chǎng)所沉積塵有相關(guān)規(guī)定與標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并且執(zhí)行較好,不易產(chǎn)生二次揚(yáng)塵,但國(guó)內(nèi)因?yàn)楣芾韴?zhí)行的問(wèn)題,雖有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)但效果不明顯,急需一種檢測(cè)方法來(lái)減少沉積塵帶來(lái)的的粉塵爆炸隱患。本文在深入分析對(duì)比目前主要的粉塵濃度檢測(cè)方法基礎(chǔ)之上,針對(duì)拋光打磨作業(yè)場(chǎng)所,對(duì)開(kāi)展了基于電荷感應(yīng)原理的可燃性浮游金屬粉塵濃度檢測(cè)技術(shù)及其傳感器研究。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:首先,根據(jù)金屬粉塵的特性,研究分析了金屬粉塵的起電機(jī)理,并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了產(chǎn)生的浮游金屬粉塵的帶電性,為采用電荷感應(yīng)法檢測(cè)金屬粉塵濃度提供了依據(jù)。其次,在分析直流耦合和交流耦合二種電荷感應(yīng)法基礎(chǔ)上,基于高斯靜電場(chǎng)和電荷感應(yīng)理論與交流耦合技術(shù),確定了測(cè)量浮游金屬粉塵濃度的具體方法,設(shè)計(jì)了一種新式的螺旋環(huán)狀探測(cè)電極,在保證空間靈敏度不降低的條件下克服了傳統(tǒng)棒狀和環(huán)狀探測(cè)電極存在的缺陷。推導(dǎo)出了螺旋環(huán)狀探測(cè)電極的空間靈敏度,根據(jù)其電極空間靈敏度分布特性,為粉塵濃度傳感器探測(cè)電極的匝數(shù)、半徑大小、絕緣層厚度等具體參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì),提供了參考依據(jù)。開(kāi)展了基于電荷感應(yīng)原理的粉塵濃度傳感器研究,分析了金屬粉塵濃度傳感器的組成原理,設(shè)計(jì)了具有高增益的電荷放大電路、濾波電路、A/D采樣電路、控制電路等,探討了傳感器抗干擾處理方法。最后,對(duì)粉塵濃度傳感器的測(cè)量精度進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:測(cè)量誤差≤10%,完全達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)要求;開(kāi)展了多種環(huán)境影響因素的研究,給出了有效的解決方案。論文研究證明:基于交流耦合技術(shù)和螺旋環(huán)狀探測(cè)電極的電荷感應(yīng)式粉塵濃度檢測(cè)技術(shù)應(yīng)用于浮游金屬粉塵濃度的檢測(cè)是完全可行的,研究的粉塵濃度傳感器測(cè)量誤差≤10%,且通過(guò)采取補(bǔ)償?shù)却胧?可使傳感器有效克服濕度、風(fēng)速等影響。
[Abstract]:The dust produced in the industrial production there are two major hazards, one is the occupation harm caused by pneumoconiosis, two will explode. The dust explosion requires three conditions, the dust concentration exceeds the limit is one of the necessary conditions. The type of dust with explosive properties of 7 categories, including polishing, produce metal material processing workplace metal powder is one of them. The two dust caused by metal dust deposition can lead to concentration of metal dust in the air over the explosion limit, and the general consequences of metal dust explosion accident is very serious, often cause serious injuries and economic losses, two 2014 Jiangsu Kunshan metal dust the deposition of metal products Co., dedusting system of dust formation of dust explosion accidents caused by dust clouds, killed 97 people, injured 163 people is the best example for polishing. The related research of planktonic metal dust in workplace grinding detection protection was included in the 2016 national development plan, therefore, to carry out real-time monitoring of polished metal floating dust concentration in the workplace, to improve the high-risk area exceed the standard dust concentration monitoring and early warning capabilities, has very important significance to effectively prevent the occurrence of dust explosion accidents at home. Very few related studies on planktonic metal dust concentration detection. Mainly due to foreign industrial workplace dust deposition according to the relevant provisions of the standard, and performs better, not easy to produce two dust, but because the domestic executive management problems, although the standard but the effect is not obvious, a method of detecting the urgent need to reduce the deposition of dust the dust explosion hazard. On the basis of in-depth comparative analysis of the dust concentration detection method based on the main cast, needle Polished workplace, carried out the charge induction principle of combustible metal floating dust concentration detection technology and sensor research. Based on the main research contents are as follows: firstly, according to the characteristics of metal dust, research and analysis of the metal dust electrification mechanism, and charged the planktonic metal dust is verified by experiment, providing the basis for the metal dust concentration detected by the charge induction method. Secondly, in the analysis of DC coupling and AC coupling two charge induction method based on Gauss electrostatic field and charge induction theory and AC coupling technique based on the specific method of measuring the dust concentration of metal floating, design a new spiral ring detection electrode. To ensure the spatial sensitivity does not reduce the conditions to overcome the defects of traditional rod and ring detection electrode. Deduced the spiral electrode detection space According to the electrode sensitivity, spatial sensitivity, number of turns, dust concentration sensor detecting electrode radius, design parameters including the thickness of the insulating layer, provides the reference. To carry out the research of dust concentration sensor based on charge induction principle, analyzed the principle of metal dust concentration sensor, the design of charge high gain amplifier circuit, filter circuit, A/D sampling circuit, control circuit, sensor of anti-interference processing method. Finally, the measurement accuracy of dust concentration sensor is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the measurement error is less than 10%, fully meet the design requirements; carried out the research of various environmental impact factors, solve the effective scheme is given. This research proves that the application of charge induction type dust concentration detection technology of AC coupling technology and detection based on spiral electrode To detect the concentration of dust floating metal is feasible, dust concentration sensor measurement error is less than 10% of the compensation and by taking such measures can effectively overcome the humidity sensor, wind speed and so on.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：煤炭科學(xué)研究總院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X964

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