本文選題：特種設(shè)備　切入點(diǎn)：風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：特種設(shè)備具有應(yīng)用廣泛、危險(xiǎn)性大的特點(diǎn),在我國(guó)安全成產(chǎn)保障體系中占有極為重要的地位。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,特種設(shè)備的數(shù)量在逐年地增長(zhǎng),危險(xiǎn)性也在不斷的增加,而我國(guó)的特種設(shè)備安全監(jiān)管資源是有限的。如何科學(xué)合理的利用有限的安全監(jiān)管資源,確保作業(yè)安全可靠性,降低設(shè)備風(fēng)險(xiǎn),減少事故發(fā)生,是特種設(shè)備監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)及使用單位的主要目標(biāo)之一。特種設(shè)備發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要我們不斷地進(jìn)行技術(shù)管理創(chuàng)新來(lái)保證其安全運(yùn)行,“突出重點(diǎn),分類監(jiān)管”就是一項(xiàng)科學(xué)有效的管理思想的創(chuàng)新。 本文根據(jù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析的基本理論和數(shù)學(xué)模型,針對(duì)特種設(shè)備使用運(yùn)行過(guò)程的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)狀態(tài),研究特種設(shè)備事故發(fā)生的可能性以及后果的嚴(yán)重程度,建立起特種設(shè)備風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的定性分級(jí)模型與定量分級(jí)模型。根據(jù)通用的特種設(shè)備風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)模型,結(jié)合鍋爐、壓力容器、起重機(jī)械、電梯的實(shí)際情況,綜合考慮設(shè)備的固有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和現(xiàn)實(shí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),初步確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估指標(biāo)；運(yùn)用德爾菲法和專家會(huì)議法篩選指標(biāo),建立各類設(shè)備的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系,運(yùn)用層次分析法確定各個(gè)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重,最終建立各類設(shè)備的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)模型；結(jié)合風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可接受準(zhǔn)則,根據(jù)地區(qū)內(nèi)特種設(shè)備實(shí)際情況確定設(shè)備風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將設(shè)備劃分為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高中低不同類型的設(shè)備,實(shí)現(xiàn)基于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的特種設(shè)備科學(xué)分級(jí)分類,以采取相應(yīng)的安全檢驗(yàn)及監(jiān)管措施。 為驗(yàn)證建立的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)模型的科學(xué)性和實(shí)用性,本文選取了兩個(gè)不同發(fā)展?fàn)顩r地區(qū)的典型承壓類設(shè)備鍋爐和典型機(jī)電類設(shè)備起重機(jī)械進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究,采集了一定量的樣本數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),本文建立的特種設(shè)備風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)模型具有較好的可操作性、實(shí)用性,監(jiān)管部門可根據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)情況進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)工作,簡(jiǎn)單快捷地實(shí)現(xiàn)分類監(jiān)管。結(jié)合我國(guó)特種設(shè)備安全監(jiān)管的現(xiàn)實(shí)和需要,將特種設(shè)備分為不同的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí),可以為安全監(jiān)管部門制定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制、改進(jìn)措施提供數(shù)據(jù)支持和決策依據(jù),從而科學(xué)、有效的利用有限的人力、物力監(jiān)管資源,保障特種設(shè)備的安全運(yùn)行。
[Abstract]:Special equipment has the characteristics of wide application and high risk, and it occupies an extremely important position in the security system of our country. With the rapid development of economy, the number of special equipment is increasing year by year, and the danger is also increasing. However, the resources of special equipment safety supervision in our country are limited. How to make use of the limited safety supervision resources scientifically and reasonably, to ensure the safety and reliability of operation, to reduce the risk of equipment, and to reduce the occurrence of accidents, It is one of the main targets of the special equipment supervision organization and the use unit. The reality of the development of the special equipment needs us to carry on the technical management innovation unceasingly to ensure its safe operation, "highlight the key point," Classified supervision "is a scientific and effective innovation of management thought." According to the basic theory and mathematical model of risk analysis, this paper studies the possibility and severity of the accident of special equipment according to the risk state of the operation process of special equipment. According to the general risk classification model of special equipment, combined with the actual situation of boiler, pressure vessel, lifting machinery and elevator, the paper establishes the qualitative classification model and quantitative classification model of the risk of special equipment, and combines the actual situation of boiler, pressure vessel, lifting machinery and elevator. Considering the inherent risk and realistic risk of equipment, the risk assessment index is preliminarily determined, and the risk assessment index system of all kinds of equipment is established by means of Delphi method and expert meeting method. The weight of each index is determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the risk classification model of all kinds of equipment is established, and the risk classification standard is determined according to the actual situation of the special equipment in the region, combined with the risk acceptability criterion. The equipment is divided into high, middle and low risk equipment, and the scientific classification of special equipment based on risk is realized, and the corresponding safety inspection and supervision measures are taken. In order to verify the scientificity and practicability of the risk classification model, this paper selects two typical pressurized equipment boilers and typical mechanical and electrical equipment lifting appliances in two different development areas to carry out empirical research. A certain amount of sample data is collected for statistical analysis. It is found that the risk classification model of special equipment established in this paper has good operability and practicability, and the supervision department can carry out risk classification work according to the actual situation. Combining the reality and need of the safety supervision of special equipment in our country, the special equipment can be divided into different risk levels, which can be used to establish risk control for the safety supervision department. The improvement measures provide data support and decision basis so as to make scientific and effective use of limited human and material resources to ensure the safe operation of special equipment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X924.4

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