本文關(guān)鍵詞： 災(zāi)后恢復(fù) 可持續(xù)生計 社會資本 農(nóng)村 汶川地震　出處：《中國人口·資源與環(huán)境》2016年04期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：災(zāi)后恢復(fù)研究相對較少,是整個災(zāi)害治理/應(yīng)急管理全流程(減災(zāi)、備災(zāi)、救災(zāi)和災(zāi)后恢復(fù))中最需要加強的部分。目前大部分災(zāi)后恢復(fù)研究都側(cè)重于物質(zhì)重建,缺少全面的視角。本文借鑒被廣泛用于發(fā)展領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的可持續(xù)生計分析框架來分析農(nóng)村家庭災(zāi)后恢復(fù)過程,希望為災(zāi)后恢復(fù)研究提供一個全面的視角,同時對可持續(xù)生計分析框架在災(zāi)害治理研究中的適用性進行一定的驗證。本文所用數(shù)據(jù)來自于一項跟蹤調(diào)查。研究地點為汶川地震某重災(zāi)縣。首次問卷調(diào)查在2009年1月份開展,采用分層抽樣方法,以訪談員面對面訪問的形式,共在該縣3個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)(9個村)調(diào)查了515戶居民。第二次回訪在2012年夏天進行,共完成415戶家庭回訪工作,回訪率約為80.56%。通過對比兩次調(diào)查所得415戶相同農(nóng)戶家庭的生計資本(自然資本、金融資本,人力資本,物資資本,社會資本)數(shù)據(jù),研究發(fā)現(xiàn)整體上農(nóng)戶所擁有的五類生計資本在災(zāi)后恢復(fù)階段都有較大提升,其中物資資本增幅最高,其次是自然資本,金融資本,社會資本,增幅最小的是人力資本。生計資本在整體增加的同時,不同家庭間的物資、金融、人力和自然資本差距(標(biāo)準差)也有所加大,但社會資本差距(標(biāo)準差)有所減少。研究結(jié)果也從側(cè)面證實了我國汶川地震災(zāi)后恢復(fù)主要側(cè)重于物質(zhì)重建,而且災(zāi)后恢復(fù)效果明顯。同時,為災(zāi)難事件可以增強社會凝聚力提供了證據(jù)。跟蹤調(diào)查中社會資本在災(zāi)后顯著升高,而且不同家庭間的差距變小。研究表明,可持續(xù)生計分析框架可以為以家庭和社區(qū)為單元的災(zāi)害研究提供一個較好的分析工具。
[Abstract]:Disaster recovery studies are relatively few and are among the most in need of strengthening throughout the entire disaster management / emergency management process (disaster mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery). At present, most disaster recovery studies focus on physical reconstruction. This paper uses the sustainable livelihood analysis framework which is widely used in the field of development to analyze the disaster recovery process of rural households, hoping to provide a comprehensive perspective for disaster recovery research. At the same time, the applicability of sustainable livelihood analysis framework in the study of disaster management is verified. The data used in this paper are from a tracking survey. The first questionnaire survey was conducted in January 2009 in a seriously affected county of Wenchuan earthquake. A total of 515 households were investigated in 3 townships (9 villages) of the county by means of face-to-face interviews with interviewees. The second return visit was conducted in the summer of 2012. The return rate was about 80.56.The data of livelihood capital (natural capital, financial capital, human capital, material capital, social capital) of 415 households of the same household were obtained by comparing the two surveys. The study found that the five types of livelihood capital owned by farmers have been greatly improved in the post-disaster recovery stage, in which the material capital increase is the highest, followed by natural capital, financial capital, social capital. The smallest increase was in human capital. The gap between material, financial, human and natural capital (standard deviation) between different households has also increased as livelihood capital has increased as a whole. However, the gap of social capital (standard deviation) has been reduced. The results also confirm that the recovery of Wenchuan earthquake in China is mainly focused on material reconstruction, and the effect of disaster recovery is obvious. Evidence that disaster events enhance social cohesion. Social capital increases significantly after a disaster in the tracking survey, and the gap between different households becomes smaller. The sustainable livelihood analysis framework can provide a better analysis tool for disaster research based on family and community.
【作者單位】： 四川大學(xué)-香港理工大學(xué)災(zāi)后重建與管理學(xué)院;北京師范大學(xué)社會發(fā)展與公共政策學(xué)院;濟南大學(xué)政治與公共管理學(xué)院;
【基金】：教育部人文社科研究項目“三江源地區(qū)生態(tài)移民的生計問題研究”(編號:11XJC840008) 四川大學(xué)引進人才科研啟動經(jīng)費項目
【分類號】：F323.89;X4
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本文編號：1554020