本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高速公路 改擴(kuò)建工程 緊急救援點(diǎn) 選址 數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析　出處：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的飛速發(fā)展,我國高速公路交通量也持續(xù)高速增長,不少原先建成的高速公路設(shè)計(jì)通行能力已不能完全滿足日益增長的交通需求,出現(xiàn)了服務(wù)水平不斷下降、交通堵塞嚴(yán)重等現(xiàn)象。為了滿足當(dāng)今社會的交通發(fā)展需要,國內(nèi)多條高速公路已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了或正在實(shí)施改擴(kuò)建。針對高速公路改擴(kuò)建工程,尤其是邊施工邊通車的改擴(kuò)建工程,無論采用何種交通組織方式,對改擴(kuò)建高速公路交通流必然產(chǎn)生干擾,將造成項(xiàng)目路服務(wù)水平大幅降低、行車安全嚴(yán)重下降、通行能力減小,使得一些細(xì)微的干擾都將可能造成交通堵塞,甚至引起交通事故的發(fā)生。這些干擾都將使得原本復(fù)雜艱巨的緊急救援任務(wù)面臨更高的要求。因此完善高速公路改擴(kuò)建緊急救援點(diǎn)布局對降低改擴(kuò)建期間事故傷亡率具有很強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和理論研究價(jià)值。 首先對高速公路改擴(kuò)建工程的概念進(jìn)行了分析,研究了改擴(kuò)建交通組織的一般保通方案,主要包括“保二”、“保三”、“保四”,并對改擴(kuò)建期間施工區(qū)的交通特性與安全特性進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析。 然后對本課題所研究的高速公路改擴(kuò)建緊急救援點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了界定,明確了其主要職能,分析了高速公路交通事件持續(xù)時(shí)間構(gòu)成,而后對高速公路緊急救援點(diǎn)的布局原則進(jìn)行了分析,并對緊急救援點(diǎn)布局主要影響因素進(jìn)行了研究,可分為救援車輛平均行車速度類、運(yùn)輸距離類與經(jīng)濟(jì)性類影響因素。 在明確緊急救援點(diǎn)布局主要影響因素的基礎(chǔ)上,對緊急救援車輛行車速度進(jìn)行了深入分析,通過VISSIM模擬仿真得出了不同保通方案下大車混入率、飽和度對緊急救援車輛行車速度的敏感程度,而后確定了緊急救援點(diǎn)(決策單元)在時(shí)間上的應(yīng)屬范圍,分別選取成本、綜合效益向量與覆蓋需求量、救援點(diǎn)到需求點(diǎn)的最大救援時(shí)間、救援點(diǎn)到需求點(diǎn)的最大距離作為DEA評價(jià)模型中的輸入與輸出指標(biāo),并最終建立了高速公路改擴(kuò)建期間緊急救援點(diǎn)的布局模型。 最后結(jié)合京港澳高速河北段改擴(kuò)建工程,確定各鄰近互通處的決策單元,接著對模型進(jìn)行求解,并運(yùn)用MATLAB軟件計(jì)算出最優(yōu)解,得出了京港澳高速河北段改擴(kuò)建緊急救援點(diǎn)的布局方案。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society, the traffic volume of freeway in our country has been increasing at a high speed. Many of the designed capacity of expressway can no longer fully meet the increasing traffic demand, and the service level is declining. Traffic jam is serious. In order to meet the needs of traffic development in our society, many highways in China have been or are in the process of carrying out reconstruction and extension. No matter what kind of traffic organization mode is adopted, it will inevitably interfere with the traffic flow of the reconstruction and expansion of the expressway, which will result in a significant reduction in the level of project road service, a serious decrease in driving safety and a decrease in traffic capacity. That some subtle distractions could cause traffic jams, Even causing traffic accidents. These disturbances will make the original complex and arduous emergency rescue tasks face higher requirements. Therefore, improving the layout of emergency rescue sites for highway reconstruction and extension will reduce the accident injury during the reconstruction and expansion period. The death rate has the very strong realistic significance and the theory research value. First of all, the concept of expressway reconstruction and extension project is analyzed, and the general plan of transportation organization is studied. It mainly includes "Bao2", "Bao3" and "Bao4". The traffic and safety characteristics of the construction area during the reconstruction and extension period are analyzed in detail. Then it defines the emergency rescue point of expressway reconstruction and extension, clarifies its main functions, and analyzes the duration of expressway traffic events. Then the layout principle of expressway emergency rescue point is analyzed, and the main influencing factors of emergency rescue point layout are studied, which can be divided into three categories: average speed of rescue vehicle, transportation distance and economy. On the basis of defining the main factors affecting the layout of emergency rescue points, the driving speed of emergency rescue vehicle is deeply analyzed, and the mixing rate of large vehicle under different guaranteed schemes is obtained by VISSIM simulation. The sensitivity of saturation to the speed of emergency rescue vehicle is determined, and the time range of emergency rescue point (decision making unit) is determined. The cost, comprehensive benefit vector and coverage demand are selected respectively. The maximum rescue time from the rescue point to the demand point and the maximum distance from the rescue point to the demand point are taken as the input and output indexes in the DEA evaluation model. Finally, the layout model of the emergency rescue point during the expressway reconstruction and extension is established. Finally, the decision making unit of each adjacent interworking place is determined by combining the reconstruction and extension project of Hebei section of Beijing-Hongkong-Macao Expressway, and then the model is solved, and the optimal solution is calculated by using MATLAB software. The layout of the emergency rescue site in the Hebei section of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：U418.8;U492.8

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