本文關(guān)鍵詞： 液化天然氣 擴(kuò)散模擬 個人風(fēng)險 社會風(fēng)險 安全性　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,環(huán)境保護(hù)成為可持續(xù)發(fā)展和人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),清潔、高效的天然氣燃料成為發(fā)展的趨勢,LNG工廠建設(shè)在各地快速發(fā)展,但LNG的危險的特性嚴(yán)重制約了 LNG的發(fā)展,而存儲設(shè)施又是危險發(fā)生最易引發(fā)嚴(yán)重后果的場所。本文選擇日處理量10萬方LNG液化廠的存儲設(shè)施進(jìn)行安全性研究對預(yù)防安全事故的發(fā)生具有理論價值和實(shí)際工程價值。(1)本文首先對LNG液化廠存儲設(shè)施進(jìn)行危險有害因素辨識,通過對物料,存儲設(shè)施進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的危險性分析,采用HAZOP方法對LNG儲罐進(jìn)行分析,查找危險發(fā)生的潛在原因。(2)LNG物料泄漏是造成事故發(fā)生的根本原因,論文對泄漏擴(kuò)散模型進(jìn)行研究,建立以液池蒸發(fā)作為連續(xù)泄漏源的擴(kuò)散模型,模擬結(jié)果顯示,當(dāng)風(fēng)速為2m/s時,該工況下的危險爆炸區(qū)域,下風(fēng)向最遠(yuǎn)到達(dá)243m,側(cè)風(fēng)向距離最遠(yuǎn)達(dá)到33m。(3)結(jié)合BLEVE火球事故后果模型和火球熱輻射傷害準(zhǔn)則,進(jìn)行LNG儲罐區(qū)BLEVE的事故后果分析,計(jì)算得到事故場景下BLEVE爆炸,死亡半徑為314.10m,重傷半徑為387.72m,一度燒傷半徑542.62m,二度燒傷半徑615.24 m,最小安全防護(hù)距離為168.2m。LNG儲罐破裂發(fā)生蒸氣云爆炸的重傷半徑為236.26m,重傷半徑為301.72m,輕傷半徑為449.89m。(4)在對個人風(fēng)險和社會風(fēng)險分析中,分析了 LNG儲罐破裂在不同風(fēng)速與大氣穩(wěn)定度情況下的對個人風(fēng)險和社會風(fēng)險的影響,結(jié)果表明:風(fēng)速大小對于1OOOm3LNG儲罐完全破裂造成的個人風(fēng)險和社會風(fēng)險的等值曲線影響并不大。當(dāng)大氣穩(wěn)定度越穩(wěn)定時,對LNG儲罐破裂形成的LNG擴(kuò)散越不利,個人風(fēng)險和社會風(fēng)險增大。大氣穩(wěn)定度對個人風(fēng)險和社會風(fēng)險的影響大于環(huán)境風(fēng)速。通過對個人風(fēng)險值的計(jì)算,可以推算出本廠外部安全防護(hù)距離是300m。
[Abstract]:In recent years, environmental protection has become the focus of sustainable development and people pay close attention to. Clean and efficient natural gas fuel has become the trend of development. The construction of LNG plants is developing rapidly. However, the dangerous characteristics of LNG seriously restrict the development of LNG. The storage facility is the place where the dangerous occurrence is the most likely to cause serious consequences. This paper chooses the storage facility of the 100000 square LNG liquefaction plant per day to carry on the safety research to prevent the occurrence of the safety accident has the theory value and the practical work. In this paper, we first identify the hazardous factors in the storage facilities of LNG liquefaction plants. Through the systematic risk analysis of materials and storage facilities, the HAZOP method is used to analyze the LNG storage tanks to find out the potential cause of the danger. The leakage of LNG materials is the fundamental cause of the accident. In this paper, the leakage diffusion model is studied, and the diffusion model with liquid pool evaporation as the continuous leakage source is established. The simulation results show that when the wind speed is 2 m / s, the dangerous explosion area under this condition is obtained. In combination with the BLEVE fireball accident consequence model and the fireball thermal radiation damage criterion, the accident consequence analysis of BLEVE in LNG storage area is carried out, and the BLEVE explosion in the accident scene is calculated. The radius of death is 314.10 m, the radius of serious injury is 387.72 m, the radius of primary burn is 542.62 m, the radius of second degree burn is 615.24 m, the minimum safety distance is 168.2 m. The radius of serious injury caused by vapor cloud explosion is 236.26 m, the radius of serious injury is 301.72 m, and the radius of slight injury is 449.89 M. In the analysis of human risk and social risk, The influence of LNG tank rupture on individual risk and social risk under different wind speed and atmospheric stability is analyzed. The results show that the wind speed has little effect on the equivalent curves of personal risk and social risk caused by the complete rupture of 1OOOm3 LNG tank. The more stable the atmospheric stability, the more disadvantageous the LNG diffusion caused by the LNG tank rupture. The influence of atmospheric stability on personal risk and social risk is greater than that on environmental wind speed. Through the calculation of personal risk value, the distance of external safety protection of our factory can be calculated to be 300 m.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE687

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