發(fā)布時間：2018-02-12 04:39

  本文關鍵詞： 煤自燃傾向性 氧化動力學測試 測試爐 煤樣反應罐 自動控制系統　出處：《中國礦業(yè)大學》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：煤自燃是我國煤炭行業(yè)生產中的重要災害之一，不僅造成國家能源的嚴重浪費，同時還會引發(fā)煤塵瓦斯爆炸，給煤炭行業(yè)的安全生產帶來惡劣的影響。因此，煤炭行業(yè)相關部門對煤自燃的防治一直高度重視。煤的自燃傾向性測試又是煤自燃防治的基礎和依據。我國煤自燃傾向性測試的研究水平較國外先進水平還很薄弱，在測試方法及測試技術手段上還有不足之處。為此，本論文對煤自燃傾向性的氧化動力學測試系統的關鍵技術展開研究。 首先，對不同物理尺寸的煤樣反應罐內氣體流場的分布特性進行了深入的理論分析，并運用Fluent軟件研究了煤樣反應罐內煤樣的耗氧特性。通過對比研究得出結論：反應罐內直徑越小，煤樣罐出口的氧氣濃度和流速越小。其次，測試三種典型煤樣在煤樣罐直徑和氧化動力學測試指標之一的交叉點溫度之間的關系，通過實驗得知，直徑越小，交叉點溫度越高，最終確定了直徑為45mm的圓柱體煤樣罐為最佳的物理尺寸。然后，分析了煤樣反應罐在測試爐的不同擺放位置對測試爐內部溫度場分布的影響，從而確定其相對較優(yōu)的擺放位置。 在煤自燃傾向性的氧化動力學測試系統的研制過程中，高分辨率溫度測量是整個測試系統的關鍵點和難點，要想自動精確控制測試爐的溫度，必須首先解決溫度測量的高分辨率的問題。通過對溫度測量的理論計算和相關的誤差因素分析，該測試系統的測溫范圍在0—400℃范圍內，測溫分辨率達到0.0067℃。這些指標能達到了國外先進公司（日本島津公司）的同類儀器的性能指標。整個測試系統的自動精確控制，是另一個關鍵點和難點，就整個測試系統而言，涉及到的控制問題很多，本文選擇了測試爐的溫度控制作為研究對象，首先用工程整定法和解方程法分別對控制系統進行數學建模分析，通過對比研究，作者選用了后者。但是本文的控制對象的控制范圍跨度大、控制精度要求很高，要建立該控制對象的非常準確的數學模型是非常困難的。鑒于此，選用PID控制算法并優(yōu)化控制參數P、I、D等，滿足控制指標需要，在理論驗證可行的基礎上，成功實現了相關PID控制器并應用于測試系統。在實驗過程中，尤其是溫度控制的高溫段時，發(fā)現控制算法的控制性能下降很多，，已經不能滿足系統在此時的控制需求,需要研究并優(yōu)化新的控制算法。通過對比研究，本文選擇了更加智能的模糊控制算法，它的最大優(yōu)點是在缺乏控制系統數學模型的情況下，達到較優(yōu)的控制效果。通過對模糊控制器的控制規(guī)則和相關控制參數的優(yōu)化,克服了控制性能嚴重下降的問題，同時也較好地滿足了測試系統的控制需求。就控制指標而言，控溫精度可達0.1℃，能夠達到國內同類儀器的先進水平。 本文研發(fā)的測試系統，不僅可以測量交叉點溫度和70℃煤樣反應罐出口處的耗氧這兩個關鍵指標，還可以對煤與氧氣反應氣體產物進行快速分析測試，自動取樣、進樣。測試氣體的種類包括：O2、N2、CO、CO2、CH4、C2H4、C2H6、C2H2、C3H8等。測試周期小于8分鐘，測試精度高，O2、N2常量氣體最小檢測濃度≤0.01%，其他種類的微量氣體檢測精度可達0.1ppm。上位機測試軟件可以實時記錄系統的各種測試數據，并實時動態(tài)曲線顯示。并進行相關數據的處理形成給出煤自燃傾向性的氧化動力學測試評價結果。除此之外，該測試系統還可用于煤的絕熱氧化實驗和煤層標志性氣體分析測試等相關實驗研究。
[Abstract]:Coal spontaneous combustion is one of the important disasters in China's coal industry in the production, not only caused a serious waste of national energy, but also cause coal dust and gas explosion, brings bad influence to the safe production of the coal industry. Therefore, prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion of the coal industry. The relevant departments attach great importance to direct test of coal spontaneous combustion tendency is the foundation and basis of the coal spontaneous combustion. The research level test of coal spontaneous combustion in China tend to foreign advanced level is still very weak, in the means of testing method and testing technology are inadequate. Therefore, this thesis launches the research on coal spontaneous combustion in the key technologies of the oxidation kinetics testing system.
First of all, the distribution characteristics of the gas flow field of coal samples of different physical dimensions of the reaction tank in an in-depth theoretical analysis, the oxygen consumption characteristics and the use of Fluent software to study the coal sample in the reaction tank of the coal sample. Through the comparative study concluded that: the smaller the diameter of the reaction tank, the coal tank oxygen concentration and flow rate of export the smaller. Secondly, three kinds of typical coal sample testing in the relationship between the cross point temperature test index of coal tank diameter and oxidation kinetics, the experiments show that the smaller diameter, cross point temperature is higher, and ultimately determine the diameter of cylinder coal tank for 45mm. Then the best physical size and analysis of the different position of coal in the reaction tank testing furnace for the test furnace internal temperature field distribution, so as to determine its relatively superior position.
In the development process of oxidation kinetics testing system of coal spontaneous combustion tendency in the high resolution temperature measurement is the key point of the whole testing system and difficult to accurately control the temperature of furnace automatic testing, we must first solve the problem of temperature measurement with high resolution. Through the calculation of the temperature measurement theory and related factors analysis of error the test system, the measurement range of 0 to 400 DEG C, the temperature reached 0.0067 degrees. The resolution of these indicators can reach the advanced foreign company (Shimadzu Corporation) performance index of similar instruments. Automatically and accurately control the whole test system, is another key point, the whole test system, control the problem involves a lot of, this paper chooses test furnace temperature control as the research object, first used for tuning the reconciliation equation method were used to control system mathematical modeling points Through the analysis, comparative study, the author chooses the latter. But the control range of the control object of the span, the control precision is very high, very accurate to establish a mathematical model of the control object is very difficult. In view of this, the PID control algorithm and optimization of control parameters P, I, D etc., meet control index, in the theoretical verification feasible on the basis of the successful implementation of the PID controller and its application in test system. During the experiment, especially high temperature section temperature control, found that the control performance is far less, has been unable to meet the needs of the system in the control of the need to study and optimize the control algorithm. Through the comparative study, this paper chose the fuzzy control algorithm is more intelligent, its biggest advantage is the lack of the mathematical model of the control system under the condition of the optimal control effect is achieved through the fuzzy control. The control rules and optimization of related control parameters overcome the serious decline of control performance and satisfy the control demand of test system. For control index, the accuracy of control temperature can reach 0.1 degrees, and it can reach the advanced level of similar instruments in China.
The test system developed in this paper, not only can the two key indexes of oxygen consumption measurement crossing point temperature and 70 DEG C coal reaction tank at the exit, but also on the coal and oxygen gas products for rapid analysis testing, automatic sampling, sample test gas. Including types: O2, N2, CO, CO2. CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C2H2, C3H8 and so on. The test cycle is less than 8 minutes, high test precision, O2, N2 constant gas minimum detectable concentration is less than 0.01%, other kinds of trace gas detection accuracy of 0.1ppm. test software can real-time recording system test data, and real-time dynamic curve display and processing. The relevant data form results in spontaneous combustion of coal. The oxidation kinetics of testing and evaluation. Besides, the testing system also can be used in experimental study of gas analysis test and adiabatic oxidation of coal. Coal seam

【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD752.2

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