本文關(guān)鍵詞： 老采空區(qū)瓦斯 地面鉆井 煤與瓦斯共采 綠色開采　出處：《中國礦業(yè)大學》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：老采空區(qū)瓦斯抽采技術(shù)是將老采空區(qū)內(nèi)遺煤、煤柱及鄰近煤巖層不斷解吸釋放的瓦斯抽采至地面的煤礦瓦斯抽采技術(shù)，是煤與瓦斯共采技術(shù)體系的重要組成部分。老采空區(qū)瓦斯富集規(guī)律、老采空區(qū)裂隙場橫向分布特征、地面鉆井井位選擇及井網(wǎng)布置是老采空區(qū)瓦斯資源開發(fā)亟待解決的關(guān)鍵問題，而我國老采空區(qū)瓦斯抽采技術(shù)研究起步較晚，相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)理論研究仍處于空白階段。針對上述問題，本文結(jié)合“十二五”山西省科技重大專項(20111101004)開展了地面鉆井抽采老采空區(qū)瓦斯的理論研究。 理論分析了老采空區(qū)瓦斯的賦存狀態(tài)，揭示了老采空區(qū)瓦斯的來源，根據(jù)采動上覆瓦斯卸壓運移“三帶”理論確定了老采空區(qū)瓦斯的賦存范圍，在此基礎(chǔ)上利用分源法建立了老采空區(qū)瓦斯儲量預測模型。 在明確采空區(qū)導氣裂隙帶發(fā)育高度的基礎(chǔ)上，將導氣裂隙帶在橫向上劃分為：側(cè)向裂隙區(qū)、“O”形圈裂區(qū)和重新壓實區(qū)，就工作面采高、覆巖關(guān)鍵層結(jié)構(gòu)及采深對各橫向分區(qū)發(fā)育形態(tài)的影響進行了數(shù)值模擬研究。研究結(jié)果表明：工作面采高是影響各橫向分區(qū)發(fā)育形態(tài)的主要因素，側(cè)向裂隙區(qū)超出開采邊界的最大距離、“O”形圈裂隙區(qū)寬度均隨工作面采高的增大而增大，在此基礎(chǔ)上給出了考慮工作面采高、覆巖關(guān)鍵層結(jié)構(gòu)及采深的各橫向分區(qū)發(fā)育特征的判別方法，研究結(jié)果對老采空區(qū)瓦斯地面抽采鉆井的井位選擇和井網(wǎng)布置具有重要指導意義。 通過自行研制的“采空區(qū)瓦斯抽采模擬試驗系統(tǒng)”開展了老采空區(qū)地面井位優(yōu)化的物理模擬試驗研究，結(jié)果表明：地面鉆井的抽采混合量整體呈不斷衰減趨勢，當抽采負壓相同時，位于“O”形圈裂隙區(qū)的鉆井抽采混合量較大，瓦斯?jié)舛扔行》仙癘”形圈裂隙區(qū)是地面鉆井布置的最佳區(qū)域。對采空區(qū)覆巖垂直位移進行了監(jiān)測，擬合得到了采空區(qū)覆巖垂直位移空間分布函數(shù)，在此基礎(chǔ)上推導了采空區(qū)滲透率的空間分布函數(shù)，建立了老采空區(qū)瓦斯?jié)B流數(shù)學模型，并通過FLUENT軟件對該數(shù)學模型進行了求解。研究結(jié)果表明：布置在“O”形圈裂隙區(qū)內(nèi)的地面鉆井控制范圍較大，，湍流區(qū)面積較大，隨著地面鉆井不斷深入采空區(qū)中部的壓實區(qū)，地面鉆井控制范圍不斷減小，湍流區(qū)面積也不斷減小。 將老采空區(qū)瓦斯抽采的基礎(chǔ)理論應用于陽泉礦區(qū)的老采空區(qū)瓦斯抽采試驗，利用老采空區(qū)橫向連通及縱向連通判據(jù)，對陽泉三礦老采空區(qū)進行了區(qū)域劃分。利用老采空區(qū)瓦斯儲量預測模型，對各連通區(qū)域的老采空區(qū)瓦斯儲量進行了預測，確定了首批地面鉆井的施工區(qū)域。根據(jù)地面井位優(yōu)化和地面鉆井控制范圍的研究結(jié)果，指導了陽泉三礦老采空區(qū)地面井位選擇和井網(wǎng)布置。
[Abstract]:The gas extraction technology in the old goaf is a kind of gas extraction technology which continuously desorption and release gas from the old goaf coal pillar and adjacent coal strata to the ground. It is an important part of the technical system of coal and gas mining. The law of gas enrichment in old goaf and the transverse distribution characteristics of fracture field in old goaf. The selection of well location and the layout of well pattern are the key problems to be solved urgently in the development of gas resources in the old goaf, but the study of gas extraction technology in the old goaf of our country started relatively late. The relevant basic theory research is still in the blank stage. In this paper, the theoretical study on gas extraction from old goaf by surface drilling is carried out in combination with the "12th Five-Year Plan" important scientific and technological project of Shanxi Province (20111101004). This paper theoretically analyzes the state of gas occurrence in the old goaf, reveals the source of gas in the old goaf, and determines the scope of gas occurrence in the old goaf according to the theory of "three zones" of overlying gas pressure relief and migration. On this basis, the gas reserves prediction model in the old goaf is established by using the source separation method. On the basis of defining the development height of gas conduction fracture zone in goaf, the gas conduction fracture zone is divided into lateral fracture area, "O" ring crack area and re-compaction area, and the face mining height is obtained by dividing the gas conduction fracture zone into lateral fissure zone, "O" circle crack zone and re-compaction area. The influence of the structure and mining depth of the key strata of overburden on the development of each transverse zone is studied numerically. The results show that the mining height of the working face is the main factor affecting the development of each transverse zone. The width of "O" ring fissure area increases with the increase of mining height, and the mining height is considered on the basis of the maximum distance of lateral fissure area beyond the mining boundary. The method of distinguishing the structure of overburden key strata and the development characteristics of each lateral zoning of mining depth is of great significance for the selection of well location and well pattern arrangement for gas extraction drilling on the ground in old goaf. Through the self-developed "gas drainage simulation test system in goaf", the physical simulation test of the ground well location optimization in the old goaf is carried out. The results show that the mixture of extraction and production of surface drilling is decreasing continuously. When the negative pressure of extraction is the same, the mixture of extraction and production is larger and the gas concentration is slightly increased in the fissure area of "O" ring. The "O" ring fissure area is the best area for surface drilling arrangement. The vertical displacement of overburden in goaf is monitored and the spatial distribution function of vertical displacement of overburden in goaf is obtained by fitting. On this basis, the spatial distribution function of goaf permeability is derived, and the mathematical model of gas seepage in old goaf is established. The mathematical model is solved by FLUENT software. The results show that the surface drilling in the "O" ring fissure area has a large control range and large turbulent area. As the ground drilling continues to penetrate into the compaction area in the middle of the goaf, the control range of the ground drilling and the area of the turbulent zone are also decreasing. The basic theory of gas drainage in the old goaf is applied to the test of gas drainage in the old goaf in Yangquan mining area, and the criteria of transverse and longitudinal connectivity of the old goaf are used. The old goaf of Yangquan No. 3 Coal Mine is divided into regions and the gas reserves of the old goaf are predicted by using the gas reserves prediction model of the old goaf. According to the research results of ground well location optimization and ground drilling control range, the selection of surface well location and well pattern arrangement in old goaf of Yangquan No.3 Mine are guided.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD712.6

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