本文關(guān)鍵詞：鈾礦山排風(fēng)井氡排放率連續(xù)測(cè)量方法的研究　出處：《南華大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 排風(fēng)井 氡排放率 連續(xù)測(cè)量 平均氡濃度

【摘要】：隨著核工業(yè)發(fā)展的備受重視,我國(guó)對(duì)于鈾礦資源開(kāi)采正在逐年向更快,更深方向發(fā)展。據(jù)研究表明,鈾礦冶系統(tǒng)對(duì)公眾產(chǎn)生的集體劑量中,氣態(tài)放射性流出物造成的集體輻射劑量占76.6%,且井下作業(yè)的工作人員所受輻射危害,85%是來(lái)自鈾礦通風(fēng)風(fēng)流中的氡及其子體對(duì)人體造成的內(nèi)照射。GB23726—2009《鈾礦冶輻射環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)規(guī)定》和GB23727—2009《鈾礦冶輻射防護(hù)和環(huán)境保護(hù)規(guī)定》等國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn),都提到排風(fēng)井氡濃度及排放率是礦山放射性氣態(tài)流出物監(jiān)測(cè)項(xiàng)目之一,但目前對(duì)于鈾礦冶氣態(tài)流出物的排放限值國(guó)內(nèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中并沒(méi)有相關(guān)規(guī)定。排風(fēng)井氡排放濃度是具有一定分布規(guī)律的,但實(shí)際工作中僅簡(jiǎn)單從排風(fēng)井口選取一點(diǎn)進(jìn)行取樣測(cè)量氡濃度以及風(fēng)速,從而估算出來(lái)的氡排放率會(huì)有很大誤差。因此急需對(duì)鈾礦排風(fēng)井的氡濃度分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究,并據(jù)此建立一種快速準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量氡排放率的方法。采用單點(diǎn)采樣法測(cè)量研究了我國(guó)某鈾礦排風(fēng)井排放口的氡濃度以及風(fēng)速分布,并用插值積分程序計(jì)算排氡率,研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),鈾礦排風(fēng)井井口2m深度斷面上的氡濃度及風(fēng)速?gòu)较蚍植季式戚S對(duì)稱的拋物線狀分布,即中心最高,從中心往兩邊,距離井壁越近,氡濃度和風(fēng)速都越低。在此研究基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了一種便于無(wú)人值守監(jiān)測(cè)的混合平均測(cè)量氡濃度法。在結(jié)束單點(diǎn)采樣測(cè)量后,應(yīng)用混合平均測(cè)氡方法進(jìn)行了對(duì)同一鈾礦通風(fēng)口進(jìn)行了約12小時(shí)的連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,混合平均測(cè)氡法剛開(kāi)始測(cè)量的一段時(shí)間內(nèi),氡濃度測(cè)量結(jié)果較穩(wěn)定,該方法測(cè)量出來(lái)的平均氡濃度約為6.36×104Bq/m3,計(jì)算出來(lái)的氡排放率為7.414×106Bq/s,而單點(diǎn)采樣計(jì)算出來(lái)的平均氡濃度約為6.35×104Bq/m3,計(jì)算出來(lái)的氡排放率為7.419×106Bq/s,兩種方法得平均氡濃度測(cè)量結(jié)果相對(duì)偏差在0.1%以下,二者最終結(jié)果非常接近,這印證了混合平均測(cè)氡法的有效性。由此可以看出單點(diǎn)采樣法能夠較準(zhǔn)確的測(cè)量鈾礦排風(fēng)井的氡濃度分布情況,而混合平均測(cè)量氡濃度法適合對(duì)排風(fēng)井的平均氡濃度測(cè)量,該方法既保證了測(cè)量的準(zhǔn)確性,又能夠節(jié)約大量的人力物力,因此混合平均法是發(fā)展鈾礦排風(fēng)井氡排放率連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)的重要手段。此研究工作為今后實(shí)現(xiàn)礦山排風(fēng)井氡排放率的連續(xù)準(zhǔn)確監(jiān)測(cè)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:With the development of nuclear industry has been paid more attention in China for the exploitation of uranium resources is gradually to faster and deeper direction. According to the study, the collective dose from uranium mining and metallurgy system for the public to produce in the collective radiation dose caused by radioactive gaseous effluents accounted for 76.6%, and the downhole operations staff radiation hazards, 85% from radon ventilation in uranium ore body on the human body caused by the irradiation of.GB23726 radiation monitoring provisions on the environment of 2009< and GB23727 - 2009< uranium mining and metallurgy of uranium mining and metallurgy in radiation protection and Environmental Protection Regulations > and other national standards, mentioned the exhaust shaft radon concentration and emission rate is one of the mine radioactive gaseous effluent monitoring project, but for uranium the mining of gaseous effluent discharge limits of domestic standards and no relevant provisions. The emission concentration of radon exhaust outlet is a certain distribution, but in practice only Jane The single row is selected from a wind wellhead sampling and measuring radon concentration and wind speed, and the estimation of radon emission rate will have a great error. So it is necessary to uranium mine Radon concentration distribution were studied, and established a rapid and accurate method for measuring radon emission rate. The radon concentration and velocity distribution of a uranium mine exhaust shaft with discharge of single point measurement method, and exhaust radon rate interpolation integral calculation, the results of the study showed that radon concentration and velocity of radial distribution of uranium mine wellhead 2m depth section showed approximate axis of the parabola, i.e. high center and from the center to both sides. The wall distance closer, radon concentration and wind speed are lower. Based on the study of a design for unmanned monitoring and mixed average radon concentration measurement method. At the end of the single point sampling survey, the average mixed application Radon measurement methods are of the same uranium were continuously monitored vents for about 12 hours, the experimental results show that the mixed average radon method at the beginning of the measurement for a period of time, the concentration of radon measurement results are stable, the average radon concentration measurements from about 6.36 * 104Bq/m3, calculated the rate of radon emission 7.414 * 106Bq/s, the average radon concentration and single point sampling calculated about 6.35 * 104Bq/m3, radon emissions calculated rate of 7.419 * 106Bq/s, the two methods have the average radon concentration measurement results of the relative deviation below 0.1%, two final results are very similar, which confirms the validity of the hybrid average radon method. It can be seen that the radon concentration distribution of single point sampling method can accurately measure the uranium mine, and mixed average radon measurement method is suitable for the average radon concentration measurement method of the exhaust outlet, it can ensure the measurement The accuracy, but also save a lot of manpower and resources, so the mixed average method is an important means to develop uranium mine radon emission rate of continuous monitoring. Laid the foundation for the research work of continuous accurate monitoring of radon emission rate of exhaust outlet for the future of the mine.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TL751

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