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  本文關鍵詞：面向高速鐵路監(jiān)測的WSNs拓撲結構分析　出處：《山西大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 高速列車運行環(huán)境 監(jiān)測 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡 拓撲結構 節(jié)點部署

【摘要】：近年來,我國高速列車和高速鐵路的規(guī)模增長迅速,給人們的出行帶來了極大的便利和舒適。然而,值得注意的是,高速列車運行的安全問題也成為了人們?nèi)找骊P注的焦點。目前,我國對列車運行環(huán)境、列車運行狀態(tài)和車站環(huán)境的監(jiān)測仍以有線網(wǎng)絡為主。眾所周知,基于有線的監(jiān)控網(wǎng)絡具有成本高,靈活性低,覆蓋面小和不易擴展等缺點,已無法滿足我國高速列車和鐵路規(guī)模不斷增長的需求。尋求更高效、更全面和低成本的監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡是我國鐵路行業(yè)朝著信息化、高速化和安全化方向不斷發(fā)展的必然之舉。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(Wireless Sensor Networks, WSNs)具有低成本、低功耗、自組織和高效率等特點,是當今時代的一個新興產(chǎn)業(yè),成為了國內(nèi)外學者的研究熱點。由于列車的高速性和運行環(huán)境的特殊性,在我國,將無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡應用于列車運行環(huán)境的監(jiān)測尚不成熟,現(xiàn)存適用于此環(huán)境監(jiān)測的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡拓撲結構和路由協(xié)議少之又少。在用于高速列車運行環(huán)境監(jiān)測的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡中,本文研究了節(jié)點的優(yōu)化部署問題并分析了幾種典型的拓撲結構。結合我國列車運行環(huán)境的特點,本文分析了構成列車運行安全隱患的主要因素并將它們列為無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡監(jiān)測的主要對象。針對無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡節(jié)點部署于鐵路沿線呈現(xiàn)出的帶狀結構,在鐵路沿線待測區(qū)域長度和節(jié)點總數(shù)給定的情況下,本文采用拉格朗日最優(yōu)化理論推導了使節(jié)點總能耗最低的節(jié)點部署策略。由于高速運行的列車對監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)有較高的實時性和準確性的要求,本文在單匯聚節(jié)點的帶狀無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡中詳細分析了基于最小和最大距離傳輸?shù)耐負浣Y構的網(wǎng)絡實時性、魯棒性和生存周期。在基于最大距離傳輸?shù)耐負渲?本文提出了一種基于節(jié)點分組的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸機制,理論分析和實驗結果表明了所提機制為基于最大距離傳輸?shù)耐負鋷砹烁玫木W(wǎng)絡實時性和魯棒性。此外,節(jié)點部署的間距和數(shù)目的變化將對上述兩種拓撲的網(wǎng)絡生存周期產(chǎn)生不同的影響�？紤]到列車對基于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡的運行環(huán)境監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡的實際需求,本文提出了基于多匯聚節(jié)點的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡監(jiān)測模型,同時所提模型也解決了帶狀網(wǎng)絡中節(jié)點負載不均衡的問題。在鐵路沿線節(jié)點部署的實際問題中,即鐵路沿線待測區(qū)域的長度已知而節(jié)點總數(shù)未知的情況,本文推導了基于最優(yōu)間距的節(jié)點部署方案,該方案能使節(jié)點的總能耗和網(wǎng)絡生存周期均達到最優(yōu),并由相關實驗驗證了所提方案的合理性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid growth of the scale of high-speed trains and high-speed railways in China has brought great convenience and comfort to people's travel. However, it is worth noting that. The safety of high-speed train operation has also become the focus of increasing attention. At present, the monitoring of train running environment, train running state and station environment in China is still based on wired network. The wired monitoring network has the disadvantages of high cost, low flexibility, small coverage and not easy to expand. It can not meet the increasing demand of high-speed train and railway scale in China. More comprehensive and low-cost monitoring network is our railway industry towards information. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have low cost and low power consumption. The characteristics of self-organization and high efficiency are a new industry in the present era, which has become the research hotspot of scholars at home and abroad. Because of the high speed of train and the particularity of running environment, it is in our country. It is not mature to apply wireless sensor network to train operation environment monitoring. The existing wireless sensor network topology and routing protocols are few and far between. In this paper, the optimal deployment of nodes is studied and several typical topologies are analyzed, which are combined with the characteristics of train operation environment in China. This paper analyzes the main factors that make up the hidden trouble of train operation, and lists them as the main objects of wireless sensor network monitoring, aiming at the band structure that the nodes of wireless sensor network are deployed along the railway line. When the length of the area to be measured and the total number of nodes are given along the railway line. In this paper, Lagrange optimization theory is used to deduce the node deployment strategy, which has the lowest total energy consumption. Because of the high speed running train has higher real-time and accuracy requirements for monitoring data. In this paper, the real-time, robustness and lifetime of the network based on the minimum and maximum distance transmission topology are analyzed in detail in the single convergent node banded wireless sensor network. In the topology based on the maximum distance transmission. In this paper, a data transmission mechanism based on node packet is proposed. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed mechanism brings better real-time and robustness to the topology based on maximum distance transmission. The distance and number of nodes deployed will have a different impact on the network lifetime of the above two topologies. Considering the actual demand of the train for the wireless sensor network-based environment monitoring network. In this paper, a wireless sensor network monitoring model based on multiple convergent nodes is proposed, and the proposed model also solves the problem of node load imbalance in the belt network, in the actual problem of the deployment of nodes along the railway. That is, the length of the area to be tested along the railway is known and the total number of nodes is unknown. In this paper, a node deployment scheme based on the optimal distance is derived, which can make the total energy consumption and network lifetime of the nodes reach the optimum. The rationality of the proposed scheme is verified by relevant experiments.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U298;TN929.5;TP212.9

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本文編號：1377585