在過去的十年中,外援在發(fā)展中國家的作用已成為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家辯論的話題。這在很大程度上是由于國際上關(guān)注千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)（MDGs）。過去二十年來,世界兩大經(jīng)濟(jì)體美國和中國已成為非洲大陸的卓越援助國。這兩個全球經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國在援助及其結(jié)構(gòu)方面采取了兩個截然不同的領(lǐng)域。美國的援助結(jié)構(gòu)仍然與援助基于三個主要方面的概念有關(guān):民主變革的承諾,基金的定向使用以及分配和使用透明度。然而,中國往往是相反的。在了解援助及其量化之后,了解援助的目標(biāo)以及美國和中國在非洲大陸的援助歷史也很重要。粗略瀏覽一下,援助的目標(biāo)可能相當(dāng)簡單。人們可能認(rèn)為,援助的目標(biāo)僅僅是減輕貧困帶來的痛苦,但美國和中國也利用援助來在外援的幌子下促進(jìn)他們在國外的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。由于動機(jī)不同,這兩個國家的援助模式也有很大不同,這并不奇怪。主要有三種類型的外援:人道主義,慈善和雙邊。本文不會評估基于人道主義和慈善基礎(chǔ)的援助類別的減貧情況。人道主義援助用于應(yīng)對災(zāi)難,并且很少持續(xù)以產(chǎn)生持久效果基于慈善的援助由于其高管理成本和較差的執(zhí)行情況而對減貧措施也是可疑的。相反,本文將重點(diǎn)討論經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的影響。假設(shè)兩國對非援助的比較可能會豐富對外援助的研究并加深我們對這一領(lǐng)域的認(rèn)識... 

【文章來源】：東華大學(xué)上海市 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：79 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
1 Introduction
    1.1 Background
    1.2 Statement of Problem
    1.3 Objective of the Study
        1.3.1 General Objectives
        1.3.2 Specific Objectives
    1.4 Research Questions
    1.5 Significances of Study
2.Literature Review
    2.1 Definition of Terms
        2.1.1 Types of Aids
        2.1.2 Foreign Aid
        2.1.3 Aid Effectiveness
    2.2 Relationship between Aid and Economic Growth
    2.3 Foreign Aid Increases Economic Growth
    2.4 Foreign Aid Hinders Economic Growth
    2.5 Insignificant Relationship between Foreign Aid and Economic Growth
3.Foreign Aid and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa:An Overview
    3.1 Trends of Economic Aid Inflows as Percentage of GDP to Africa
    3.2 Trend in Sectoral Aid
    3.3 U.S Economic Aid to Africa: an Overview
        3.3.1 History
        3.3.2 Policy and Motivations of US Assistance to African Countries
        3.3.3 Structure and Organization of US Economic Assistance
        3.3.4 Characteristics of U.S. Economic Aid to African Countries
        3.3.5 Motivations of US Assistance to African Countries
        3.3.6 Recent Trends of U.S Economic Development Assistance to Africa
    3.4 An Overview of Chinese Economic Aid to Africa
        3.4.1 A Brief History of Chinese Foreign Aid
        3.4.2 Policy and Motivations of Chinese Economic Assistance to Africa
        3.4.3 The Organizational Chart of China’s Foreign Aid Management
        3.4.4 Foreign Aid Defined in Chinese Context
        3.4.5 Evolution of China’s Economic Assistance
        3.4.6 Chinese Aid to African by Sectors
4 A Comparative Study of United States and China’s Economic Aid to Africa
    4.1 History: The Aid Relationship
    4.2 United State and Chinese Economic Aid System to Africa
    4.3 Sector Preferences and Volume
    4.4 Aid Modalities
5 Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Economic Aid by the U.S. and China:Evidence from Niger
    5.1Data
    5.2 Methodology
        5.2.1 ARDL Model
    5.3 Estimation Framework
        5.3.1 Unit root Test
        5.3.2 Correlation Test
    5.4 Effect of US Aid on Economic Growth in Niger
        5.4.1 Diagnostic Test
        5.4.2 Bound Test
        5.4.3 Short-Run Relationship Test
        5.4.4 Long-Run relationship test
    5.5 Effect of China Aid on Economic Growth in Niger
        5.5.1 Diagnostic Test
        5.5.2 Short- Run Relationship
6 Conclusion and Recommendations
REFFERENCE
APPENDIX



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