【摘要】：20世紀(jì)90年代中后期以來,物質(zhì)資本對勞動(dòng)技能依賴性的增強(qiáng)成為我國經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型中一個(gè)日益凸顯的現(xiàn)象。本文基于資本—技能互補(bǔ)的角度揭示了物質(zhì)資本對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距影響的內(nèi)在機(jī)制,并利用我國1999~2011年省際面板數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)。研究結(jié)果表明:(一)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型中我國的資本布局模式越來越表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的"資本—技能互補(bǔ)"性,由于勞動(dòng)力的技能水平在我國城鄉(xiāng)之間存在較大的差距,物質(zhì)資本通過現(xiàn)有的城鄉(xiāng)技能分布格局?jǐn)U大了城鄉(xiāng)收入差距;(二)在資本—技能互補(bǔ)作用下,物質(zhì)資本的積累帶來技能型勞動(dòng)的流動(dòng)性增強(qiáng),而非技能型勞動(dòng)的流動(dòng)性下降,這種技能流動(dòng)差距強(qiáng)化了城鄉(xiāng)之間現(xiàn)有的技能分布格局,進(jìn)而間接擴(kuò)大了城鄉(xiāng)收入差距;(三)物質(zhì)資本的積累又對個(gè)體及公共部門產(chǎn)生了較強(qiáng)的"教育激勵(lì)"效應(yīng),但存在明顯的城鄉(xiāng)差距,這一差距在長期內(nèi)同樣強(qiáng)化著城鄉(xiāng)的技能分布格局,并最終擴(kuò)大城鄉(xiāng)收入差距,主要表現(xiàn)在:受初始財(cái)富水平的制約,物質(zhì)資本的積累對個(gè)體教育投資的激勵(lì)程度存在顯著的城鄉(xiāng)差距;在物質(zhì)資本積累的教育激勵(lì)下,公共部門的教育投資存在城鎮(zhèn)傾向的錯(cuò)位,雖然物質(zhì)資本對農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)教育的激勵(lì)程度大于城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū),存在縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距的潛能,但尚不足以扭轉(zhuǎn)公共部門一貫的城市傾向的教育投資對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距擴(kuò)大的影響。
[Abstract]:Since the middle and late 1990s, the dependence of material capital on labor skills has become an increasingly prominent phenomenon in China's economic transformation. Based on the complementary perspective of capital and skills, this paper reveals the internal mechanism of the influence of material capital on the income gap between urban and rural areas, and makes an empirical test by using the inter-provincial panel data from 1999 to 2011 in China. The results show that: (1) in the process of economic transformation, the capital layout model of our country shows more and more "capital-skill complementarity". Because of the large gap between urban and rural areas in the skill level of labor force, the material capital expands the income gap between urban and rural areas through the existing distribution pattern of urban and rural skills; (2) under the action of capital-skill complementarity, the accumulation of material capital leads to the increase of the mobility of skilled labor, but to the decline of the mobility of non-skilled labor. This gap of skill flow strengthens the existing skill distribution pattern between urban and rural areas, and then indirectly expands the income gap between urban and rural areas; (3) the accumulation of material capital has a strong "educational incentive" effect on individuals and the public sector, but there is an obvious gap between urban and rural areas, which also strengthens the skill distribution pattern of urban and rural areas in the long run, and finally widens the income gap between urban and rural areas, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects: restricted by the initial wealth level, the accumulation of material capital has a significant urban-rural gap in the incentive degree of individual education investment; Under the educational incentive of material capital accumulation, there is a dislocation of urban tendency in education investment in the public sector. Although the incentive degree of material capital to rural basic education is greater than that in urban areas, and there is the potential to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, it is not enough to reverse the impact of education investment in the public sector on the widening income gap between urban and rural areas.
【作者單位】： 中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院;北京大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院;重慶工商大學(xué)財(cái)政金融學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家社科基金青年項(xiàng)目“‘資本—技能’互補(bǔ)視角下驅(qū)動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)換的內(nèi)生路徑及政策保障體系研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):16CJY001) 中國統(tǒng)計(jì)科學(xué)研究重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目“我國的教育財(cái)政缺口及基于教育均等化的轉(zhuǎn)移支付方案”(2015LZ02)的資助
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7
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本文編號(hào)：2525348