技術創(chuàng)新對我國出口二元邊際的影響機制及實證分析
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-21 17:21
【摘要】：我國外貿戰(zhàn)略正處于轉型升級的關鍵時期,貿易發(fā)展的目標已不僅僅是單純的數(shù)量增長,出口結構優(yōu)化、產品質量升級逐漸成為外貿戰(zhàn)略的重心。異質性貿易理論提出以來,著眼于二元邊際(擴展邊際和集約邊際)的出口轉型戰(zhàn)略研究成為了學界關注的熱點。擴展邊際(extensive margin)是指由出口產品種類和出口市場擴張帶來的出口增長,而集約邊際(intensive margin)則是原有產品對原有市場出口帶來的出口增長。 本文以二元邊際為切入點,研究了技術創(chuàng)新對我國出口增長及其結構變化的影響。首先,本文通過理論分析闡釋了技術創(chuàng)新對二元邊際的傳導機制;并在Chaney異質性企業(yè)理論框架下,通過數(shù)理模型刻畫了技術創(chuàng)新對二元邊際的作用；在此基礎上,運用UN Comtrade的HS六位碼貿易數(shù)據(jù),從制造業(yè)整體行業(yè)、分類行業(yè)和區(qū)分創(chuàng)新類型的分類行業(yè)三個層面實證研究了創(chuàng)新對二元邊際的影響。最后,根據(jù)本文的主要結論提出相應政策建議。本文理論上的邊際創(chuàng)新和主要實證結果如下： (1)本文在Chaney的異質性理論框架下,引入技術創(chuàng)新和產品質量兩個變量,通過刻畫技術創(chuàng)新對企業(yè)邊際成本分布函數(shù)、產品質量和產品種類三方面的影響途徑,推導出技術創(chuàng)新對二元邊際的作用機制。 (2)以研發(fā)支出衡量技術創(chuàng)新,利用2003～2010年我國制造業(yè)整體行業(yè)層面的數(shù)據(jù)進行實證研究發(fā)現(xiàn),技術創(chuàng)新能夠顯著促進出口沿擴展邊際和集約邊際的增長,但對擴展邊際的影響強于集約邊際。相較于集約邊際,擴展邊際對貿易成本的彈性更大,對外生經(jīng)濟沖擊的抵抗力更強。 (3)進一步將制造業(yè)劃分為勞動密集型和資本密集型兩大類行業(yè),分類回歸結果表明,技術創(chuàng)新在兩類行業(yè)中皆對擴展邊際有顯著促進作用,但對集約邊際的影響僅在勞動密集型行業(yè)中顯著。勞動密集型行業(yè)中,技術創(chuàng)新對集約邊際的影響強于擴展邊際,而資本密集型行業(yè)中,創(chuàng)新主要推動出口沿擴展邊際的增長。 (4)以發(fā)明專利衡量產品創(chuàng)新、以實用新型和外觀衡量工藝創(chuàng)新,對制造業(yè)兩大類行業(yè)的實證研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在勞動密集型行業(yè)中,產品創(chuàng)新對集約邊際的影響強于擴展邊際,工藝創(chuàng)新對擴展邊際的影響強于集約邊際；在資本密集型行業(yè)中,產品創(chuàng)新對擴展邊際的影響強于集約邊際,而工藝創(chuàng)新主要作用于集約邊際。
[Abstract]:China's foreign trade strategy is in the critical period of transformation and upgrading. The goal of trade development is not only the simple quantity growth, the optimization of export structure, the upgrading of product quality has gradually become the focus of foreign trade strategy. Since the theory of heterogeneous trade was put forward, the research on export transition strategy focusing on the binary marginal (expanded marginal and intensive marginal) has become the focus of attention in the academic field. The expanded marginal (extensive margin) refers to the export growth caused by the export product category and the expansion of the export market, while the intensive marginal (intensive margin) is the export growth caused by the export of the original product to the original market. In this paper, the influence of technological innovation on export growth and its structural changes in China is studied by taking binary marginal as the starting point. Firstly, this paper explains the transmission mechanism of technological innovation to binary margin through theoretical analysis, and describes the effect of technological innovation on binary marginal by mathematical model under the framework of Chaney heterogeneous enterprise theory. On this basis, using UN Comtrade's HS six-bit trade data, this paper empirically studies the impact of innovation on the binary margin from three levels: manufacturing industry as a whole, classified industry and classified industry that distinguishes innovation types from the three levels: manufacturing industry as a whole, classified industries and classified industries that distinguish innovation types. Finally, according to the main conclusions of this paper, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward. The theoretical marginal innovation and the main empirical results are as follows: (1) under the framework of Chaney's heterogeneity theory, this paper introduces two variables, technical innovation and product quality, and describes the marginal cost distribution function of technological innovation to enterprises. The influence ways of product quality and product type are discussed, and the mechanism of technological innovation on binary marginal is deduced. (2) taking R & D expenditure as a measure of technological innovation, using the data from 2003 to 2010 on the whole industry level of China's manufacturing industry, empirical research shows that technological innovation can significantly promote the growth of export growth along the expansion margin and the intensive margin. However, the influence on the extension margin is stronger than that on the intensive margin. The expansion margin is more resilient to the cost of trade and more resistant to external economic shocks than the intensive margin. (3) the manufacturing industry is further divided into labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries. The results of classification and regression show that technological innovation plays a significant role in promoting the expansion margin in both industries. However, the impact on the intensive margin is only significant in labor-intensive industries. In labor-intensive industries, the impact of technological innovation on intensive margin is stronger than that of expansion margin, while in capital-intensive industry, innovation mainly promotes the growth of export along the expansion margin. (4) using invention patent to measure product innovation, using utility model and appearance to measure process innovation, the empirical study of manufacturing industry shows that in labor-intensive industries, product innovation has a stronger impact on intensive margin than expansion margin, and it is found that in labor-intensive industries, product innovation has a stronger impact on intensive margin than expansion margin. The influence of process innovation on the expansion margin is stronger than that of the intensive margin. In capital-intensive industries, product innovation has a stronger impact on expansion margin than intensive margin, while process innovation plays a major role in intensive margin.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F752.62;F124.3
本文編號：2445148
[Abstract]:China's foreign trade strategy is in the critical period of transformation and upgrading. The goal of trade development is not only the simple quantity growth, the optimization of export structure, the upgrading of product quality has gradually become the focus of foreign trade strategy. Since the theory of heterogeneous trade was put forward, the research on export transition strategy focusing on the binary marginal (expanded marginal and intensive marginal) has become the focus of attention in the academic field. The expanded marginal (extensive margin) refers to the export growth caused by the export product category and the expansion of the export market, while the intensive marginal (intensive margin) is the export growth caused by the export of the original product to the original market. In this paper, the influence of technological innovation on export growth and its structural changes in China is studied by taking binary marginal as the starting point. Firstly, this paper explains the transmission mechanism of technological innovation to binary margin through theoretical analysis, and describes the effect of technological innovation on binary marginal by mathematical model under the framework of Chaney heterogeneous enterprise theory. On this basis, using UN Comtrade's HS six-bit trade data, this paper empirically studies the impact of innovation on the binary margin from three levels: manufacturing industry as a whole, classified industry and classified industry that distinguishes innovation types from the three levels: manufacturing industry as a whole, classified industries and classified industries that distinguish innovation types. Finally, according to the main conclusions of this paper, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward. The theoretical marginal innovation and the main empirical results are as follows: (1) under the framework of Chaney's heterogeneity theory, this paper introduces two variables, technical innovation and product quality, and describes the marginal cost distribution function of technological innovation to enterprises. The influence ways of product quality and product type are discussed, and the mechanism of technological innovation on binary marginal is deduced. (2) taking R & D expenditure as a measure of technological innovation, using the data from 2003 to 2010 on the whole industry level of China's manufacturing industry, empirical research shows that technological innovation can significantly promote the growth of export growth along the expansion margin and the intensive margin. However, the influence on the extension margin is stronger than that on the intensive margin. The expansion margin is more resilient to the cost of trade and more resistant to external economic shocks than the intensive margin. (3) the manufacturing industry is further divided into labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries. The results of classification and regression show that technological innovation plays a significant role in promoting the expansion margin in both industries. However, the impact on the intensive margin is only significant in labor-intensive industries. In labor-intensive industries, the impact of technological innovation on intensive margin is stronger than that of expansion margin, while in capital-intensive industry, innovation mainly promotes the growth of export along the expansion margin. (4) using invention patent to measure product innovation, using utility model and appearance to measure process innovation, the empirical study of manufacturing industry shows that in labor-intensive industries, product innovation has a stronger impact on intensive margin than expansion margin, and it is found that in labor-intensive industries, product innovation has a stronger impact on intensive margin than expansion margin. The influence of process innovation on the expansion margin is stronger than that of the intensive margin. In capital-intensive industries, product innovation has a stronger impact on expansion margin than intensive margin, while process innovation plays a major role in intensive margin.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F752.62;F124.3
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