我國城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的金融治理機(jī)制研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-08 16:14
【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，我國城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距越來越大。城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距問題嚴(yán)重制約著我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)平衡發(fā)展，使我國經(jīng)濟(jì)在高速發(fā)展的同時也愈發(fā)變得畸形，造成富人日漸富有，窮人日漸貧困的現(xiàn)象。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我國基尼系數(shù)早在2003年就已經(jīng)達(dá)到了0.479，超過了警戒線，2008年更是達(dá)到了可怕的0.490。從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的理論上來說，這一問題會隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長，，金融體制的逐漸成熟慢慢走向平衡，但是，如果不采取措施，僅僅靠其自身發(fā)展走向平衡需要的過程是漫長的，這將會使得社會矛盾不斷加劇，破壞社會的和諧穩(wěn)定。鑒于此，已經(jīng)有很多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們通過不同的研究視角分析過此問題，并提出了相應(yīng)的對策。 本文基于金融治理機(jī)制的視角，對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距展開分析。 一、我國城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距描述 我國城鄉(xiāng)收入差距是一個長久以來一直存在的問題�？s小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的根本是縮小收入上的差距，勞動收入的差距使農(nóng)村居民的收入遠(yuǎn)小于城市居民，轉(zhuǎn)移性收入差距使農(nóng)村居民的收入進(jìn)一步與城市居民拉大，因此，縮小這兩項(xiàng)差距，會有效縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民之間的收入差距。另外，提高農(nóng)村居民的經(jīng)營收入也是一個行之有效的方法。 二、我國城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的成因——基于金融視角的分析 我國的特殊國情決定了金融體系在城鄉(xiāng)之間有很大不同，主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：城鄉(xiāng)的金融規(guī)模不同，城鄉(xiāng)的金融競爭力不同，城鄉(xiāng)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)展程度不同，城鄉(xiāng)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)分布不同，城鄉(xiāng)金融創(chuàng)新程度不同，以及城鄉(xiāng)保險市場和資本市場利用能力不同。 三、國外城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的金融治理及啟示 發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家針對本國國情均采取了一系列金融治理措施。通過對他們金融治理機(jī)制的分析，可以得到很多值得我國借鑒和學(xué)習(xí)的地方。首先，應(yīng)建立起符合我國國情尤其是符合農(nóng)村地區(qū)需要的具有農(nóng)村特色的金融服務(wù)體系；其次，頒布一系列相關(guān)法律法規(guī)來保障農(nóng)村的金融發(fā)展；第三，政府持續(xù)扶持農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)；第四，在農(nóng)村地區(qū)建立農(nóng)村發(fā)展銀行為農(nóng)民提供優(yōu)惠信貸；最后，完善我國農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)保險制度。 四、縮小我國城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的對策——基于金融運(yùn)行機(jī)制的安排 我國可以通過金融治理的方式縮小我國城鎮(zhèn)與農(nóng)村居民收入差距。首先，改進(jìn)我國現(xiàn)有的財政政策；其次，完善我國現(xiàn)有的農(nóng)村的信貸支持政策；再次，促進(jìn)農(nóng)村非正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)有秩序發(fā)展；最后，完善農(nóng)村金融體系。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the income gap between urban and rural residents is increasing. The problem of income gap between urban and rural residents seriously restricts the balanced development of our national economy, which makes the economy of our country become more and more abnormal while developing at a high speed, resulting in the phenomenon that the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. The data show that China's Gini coefficient reached 0. 479 as early as 2003, surpassing the warning line, and reaching a terrible 0. 490 in 2008. From the economic theory, this problem will gradually balance with the growth of economy and the gradual maturity of the financial system. However, if we do not take measures, it will take a long time for us to move towards balance only by our own development. This will make the social contradictions continue to intensify, undermining social harmony and stability. In view of this, many economists have analyzed the problem from different perspectives and put forward corresponding countermeasures. Based on the perspective of financial governance mechanism, this paper analyzes the income gap between urban and rural residents. First, the income gap between urban and rural residents in China describes the urban-rural income gap is a problem that has existed for a long time. The essence of narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas is to narrow the income gap. The income gap between labor and labor causes the income of rural residents to be much smaller than that of urban residents, and the transfer income gap makes the income of rural residents further larger than that of urban residents. Narrowing these two differences will effectively narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents. In addition, raising the operating income of rural residents is also an effective method. Second, the causes of the income gap between urban and rural residents in China-based on the analysis of the special situation of China's financial perspective, the financial system is very different between urban and rural areas, mainly in the following aspects: different financial scale in urban and rural areas, The financial competitiveness of urban and rural areas is different, the development degree of financial institutions in urban and rural areas is different, the distribution of financial institutions in urban and rural areas is different, the degree of financial innovation in urban and rural areas is different, and the utilization capacity of insurance market and capital market is different. Third, the financial governance of income gap between urban and rural residents in foreign countries and its enlightenment developed and developing countries have taken a series of financial governance measures in view of their own national conditions. Through the analysis of their financial governance mechanism, we can get a lot of reference and learning places in our country. First of all, we should establish a financial service system with rural characteristics in line with our national conditions, especially in accordance with the needs of rural areas; secondly, we should promulgate a series of relevant laws and regulations to ensure the development of rural finance. Third, the government continues to support rural financial institutions; fourth, the establishment of rural development bank in rural areas to provide farmers with preferential credit; finally, improve our agricultural insurance system. Fourth, the countermeasures to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents in China: based on the arrangement of financial operation mechanism, we can narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents by means of financial governance. First, improve the existing fiscal policy; secondly, improve the existing rural credit support policy; third, promote the orderly development of rural informal financial institutions; finally, improve the rural financial system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F124.7;F832
本文編號：2368631
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the income gap between urban and rural residents is increasing. The problem of income gap between urban and rural residents seriously restricts the balanced development of our national economy, which makes the economy of our country become more and more abnormal while developing at a high speed, resulting in the phenomenon that the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. The data show that China's Gini coefficient reached 0. 479 as early as 2003, surpassing the warning line, and reaching a terrible 0. 490 in 2008. From the economic theory, this problem will gradually balance with the growth of economy and the gradual maturity of the financial system. However, if we do not take measures, it will take a long time for us to move towards balance only by our own development. This will make the social contradictions continue to intensify, undermining social harmony and stability. In view of this, many economists have analyzed the problem from different perspectives and put forward corresponding countermeasures. Based on the perspective of financial governance mechanism, this paper analyzes the income gap between urban and rural residents. First, the income gap between urban and rural residents in China describes the urban-rural income gap is a problem that has existed for a long time. The essence of narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas is to narrow the income gap. The income gap between labor and labor causes the income of rural residents to be much smaller than that of urban residents, and the transfer income gap makes the income of rural residents further larger than that of urban residents. Narrowing these two differences will effectively narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents. In addition, raising the operating income of rural residents is also an effective method. Second, the causes of the income gap between urban and rural residents in China-based on the analysis of the special situation of China's financial perspective, the financial system is very different between urban and rural areas, mainly in the following aspects: different financial scale in urban and rural areas, The financial competitiveness of urban and rural areas is different, the development degree of financial institutions in urban and rural areas is different, the distribution of financial institutions in urban and rural areas is different, the degree of financial innovation in urban and rural areas is different, and the utilization capacity of insurance market and capital market is different. Third, the financial governance of income gap between urban and rural residents in foreign countries and its enlightenment developed and developing countries have taken a series of financial governance measures in view of their own national conditions. Through the analysis of their financial governance mechanism, we can get a lot of reference and learning places in our country. First of all, we should establish a financial service system with rural characteristics in line with our national conditions, especially in accordance with the needs of rural areas; secondly, we should promulgate a series of relevant laws and regulations to ensure the development of rural finance. Third, the government continues to support rural financial institutions; fourth, the establishment of rural development bank in rural areas to provide farmers with preferential credit; finally, improve our agricultural insurance system. Fourth, the countermeasures to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents in China: based on the arrangement of financial operation mechanism, we can narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents by means of financial governance. First, improve the existing fiscal policy; secondly, improve the existing rural credit support policy; third, promote the orderly development of rural informal financial institutions; finally, improve the rural financial system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F124.7;F832
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