中國擴(kuò)大個(gè)人消費(fèi)需求長效機(jī)制的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-14 15:02
【摘要】：消費(fèi)需求長效機(jī)制是經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)制的一種，指在一系列經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)政策措施和影響因素的綜合作用下，確保消費(fèi)持續(xù)擴(kuò)大和穩(wěn)定增長的內(nèi)部運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和外部作用的原理，以保證消費(fèi)需求長期正常運(yùn)行并發(fā)揮預(yù)期功能的制度體系。消費(fèi)需求長效機(jī)制本身是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程，具有長效性、擴(kuò)展性和規(guī)范性等基本特征。近年來，我國一系列擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)需求政策取得一定成效，但政策刺激消費(fèi)的整體作用還沒有充分發(fā)揮，擴(kuò)大個(gè)人消費(fèi)需求長效機(jī)制至今仍未建立。2010年底“十二五”規(guī)劃中首次提出建立擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)需求的長效機(jī)制，同時(shí)“十二五”時(shí)期也正值我國加快經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需、推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，因此，對擴(kuò)大個(gè)人消費(fèi)需求長效機(jī)制的研究，既是我國當(dāng)前和今后較長時(shí)期的一項(xiàng)戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)，也是以消費(fèi)需求驅(qū)動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的根本要求。 本文在國內(nèi)外消費(fèi)需求的研究背景和消費(fèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的相關(guān)知識(shí)、消費(fèi)對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的作用機(jī)理以及消費(fèi)需求長效機(jī)制相關(guān)理論的基礎(chǔ)上，分別從消費(fèi)規(guī)模、消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)、消費(fèi)水平三個(gè)方面分析了中國消費(fèi)需求的總體特征及主要制約因素。改革開放以來我國保持了較快的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，消費(fèi)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大，但消費(fèi)需求不足問題一直存在，居民個(gè)人消費(fèi)率偏低且持續(xù)下降的趨勢明顯，城鄉(xiāng)居民間、居民和政府間以及國內(nèi)外的消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)不平衡，區(qū)域間、城鄉(xiāng)間以及不同年齡居民之間的消費(fèi)水平也存在明顯的差異性，，消費(fèi)需求對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的拉動(dòng)作用相對不足。實(shí)際上，我國個(gè)人消費(fèi)需求不足主要受居民收入水平相對下降、經(jīng)濟(jì)二元結(jié)構(gòu)的長期存在、政府基本公共服務(wù)供給能力不足、社會(huì)保障制度不完善、促進(jìn)消費(fèi)增長的政策缺乏長效性等原因的影響。因此，擴(kuò)大個(gè)人消費(fèi)需求長效機(jī)制的構(gòu)建就需要相關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)制度和經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的保障，其中，規(guī)范、配套、穩(wěn)定的消費(fèi)制度是構(gòu)建長效機(jī)制的基本條件，釋放潛在消費(fèi)群體的消費(fèi)能力是構(gòu)建長效機(jī)制的關(guān)鍵，而深化體制改革、完善消費(fèi)制度、優(yōu)化消費(fèi)環(huán)境是構(gòu)建長效機(jī)制的重要保證。文中分別基于“橄欖型”收入分配格局的構(gòu)建、人口老齡化背景釋放老年人的消費(fèi)能力、低碳消費(fèi)路徑的選擇三個(gè)視角提出保障擴(kuò)大個(gè)人消費(fèi)需求長效機(jī)制構(gòu)建的對策： 其一，合理化收入分配改革機(jī)制。收入分配格局不合理、收入差距過大是導(dǎo)致居民個(gè)人消費(fèi)需求不足的主要原因，因此，建立居民收入穩(wěn)定增長機(jī)制、城鄉(xiāng)居民就業(yè)保障機(jī)制，是建立居民個(gè)人消費(fèi)需求長效機(jī)制的基礎(chǔ)。通過完善稅收、轉(zhuǎn)移支付、公共服務(wù)、發(fā)展慈善事業(yè)等加大對收入再分配的調(diào)節(jié)作用，形成“橄欖型”收入分配格局，提高居民個(gè)人消費(fèi)預(yù)期和消費(fèi)信心，即從增強(qiáng)個(gè)人消費(fèi)能力和消費(fèi)意愿入手，構(gòu)建擴(kuò)大個(gè)人消費(fèi)需求長效機(jī)制。 其二，完善養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度改革機(jī)制。通過中國社會(huì)基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)對老年人消費(fèi)影響的實(shí)證研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在人口老齡化的背景下，加快完善養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度改革，調(diào)整并優(yōu)化養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金籌資和給付水平，有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)養(yǎng)老資源最優(yōu)配置，釋放老年人消費(fèi)群體潛在的消費(fèi)能力。 其三，倡導(dǎo)低碳消費(fèi)觀念。低碳消費(fèi)本身反映了消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)升級與節(jié)能減排，它是構(gòu)建擴(kuò)大個(gè)人消費(fèi)需求長效機(jī)制的重點(diǎn)，通過對居民個(gè)人消費(fèi)需求與人均碳排放量的實(shí)證研究，探索了資源消耗與個(gè)人消費(fèi)適度增長之間的關(guān)系，提出倡導(dǎo)居民樹立低碳消費(fèi)觀念，促進(jìn)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)，以期優(yōu)化個(gè)人消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)、提升消費(fèi)素質(zhì)和提高消費(fèi)質(zhì)量，實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人消費(fèi)由粗放式向集約式的轉(zhuǎn)換。
[Abstract]:The long-term mechanism of consumer demand is a kind of economic mechanism. It refers to the principle of the internal and external functions of ensuring the sustained expansion and steady growth of consumption under the comprehensive effect of a series of economic and social policy measures and influencing factors, so as to ensure the long-term normal operation of consumer demand and give full play to the expected functions. In recent years, a series of policies to expand consumer demand have achieved some results, but the overall role of policies to stimulate consumption has not been fully played, and the long-term mechanism to expand individual consumer demand has not yet been established. It is the first time to establish a long-term mechanism for expanding consumption demand. Meanwhile, the 12th Five-Year Plan period is also a critical period for China to accelerate economic restructuring, expand domestic demand and promote the transformation of economic development mode. Therefore, the study of long-term mechanism for expanding individual consumption demand is not only a strategic task for China at present but also a long-term strategic task for the future. It is the fundamental requirement of economic growth driven by consumption demand.
Based on the research background of consumption demand at home and abroad and the related knowledge of consumption economics, the mechanism of consumption on economic growth and the theory of long-term mechanism of consumption demand, this paper analyzes the general characteristics and main restrictive factors of consumption demand in China from three aspects: consumption scale, consumption structure and consumption level. Since the opening up, China has maintained a relatively rapid economic growth and the consumption scale has been expanding, but the problem of insufficient consumption demand has always existed. The personal consumption rate of residents is on the low side and the trend of continuous decline is obvious. The consumption structure between urban and rural residents, residents and governments as well as at home and abroad is unbalanced. The consumption structure between regions, between urban and rural areas and between residents of different ages is unbalanced. In fact, the insufficiency of individual consumption demand in China is mainly due to the relative decline of the income level of residents, the long-term existence of the dual economic structure, the inadequate supply of basic public services by the government, the imperfect social security system, and the promotion of consumption growth. Therefore, the construction of a long-term mechanism for expanding individual consumption needs to be guaranteed by relevant economic systems and economic systems. Standardization, matching and stable consumption systems are the basic conditions for building a long-term mechanism, and releasing the consumption capacity of potential consumer groups is the key to building a long-term mechanism. Deepening the reform of the system, perfecting the consumption system and optimizing the consumption environment are the important guarantees for building a long-term mechanism.Based on the construction of the "olive" income distribution pattern, the release of the elderly's consumption capacity in the context of population aging, and the choice of low-carbon consumption path, this paper puts forward the construction of a long-term mechanism to ensure the expansion of individual consumption demand. The Countermeasures:
Firstly, rationalize the reform mechanism of income distribution. The unreasonable income distribution pattern and the excessive income gap are the main reasons leading to the insufficient consumption demand of residents. Therefore, the establishment of a stable growth mechanism of residents'income and the employment security mechanism of urban and rural residents are the basis for establishing a long-term mechanism of individual consumption demand of residents. Payment, public service, development of charity and so on will increase the adjustment function to income redistribution, form the "olive" income distribution pattern, improve the individual consumption expectation and consumer confidence, that is to say, from the enhancement of individual consumption ability and consumption will, build a long-term mechanism to expand individual consumption demand.
Secondly, we should improve the reform mechanism of the endowment insurance system. Through the empirical study of the influence of China's social basic endowment insurance on the consumption of the elderly, we find that under the background of population aging, we should speed up the reform of the endowment insurance system, adjust and optimize the level of fund raising and payment of the endowment insurance fund, which will help to realize the optimal allocation of endowment resources and release the elderly. The potential consumption power of the annual consumer group.
Third, advocate the concept of low-carbon consumption. Low-carbon consumption itself reflects the upgrading of consumption structure and energy conservation and emission reduction. It is the focus of building a long-term mechanism to expand individual consumption demand. Through the empirical study of individual consumption demand and per capita carbon emissions, this paper explores the relationship between resource consumption and moderate growth of individual consumption, and puts forward advocacy. Residents should establish the concept of low-carbon consumption and promote sustainable consumption in order to optimize the structure of personal consumption, improve the quality of consumption and improve the quality of consumption, and realize the transformation of personal consumption from extensive to intensive.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F126
[Abstract]:The long-term mechanism of consumer demand is a kind of economic mechanism. It refers to the principle of the internal and external functions of ensuring the sustained expansion and steady growth of consumption under the comprehensive effect of a series of economic and social policy measures and influencing factors, so as to ensure the long-term normal operation of consumer demand and give full play to the expected functions. In recent years, a series of policies to expand consumer demand have achieved some results, but the overall role of policies to stimulate consumption has not been fully played, and the long-term mechanism to expand individual consumer demand has not yet been established. It is the first time to establish a long-term mechanism for expanding consumption demand. Meanwhile, the 12th Five-Year Plan period is also a critical period for China to accelerate economic restructuring, expand domestic demand and promote the transformation of economic development mode. Therefore, the study of long-term mechanism for expanding individual consumption demand is not only a strategic task for China at present but also a long-term strategic task for the future. It is the fundamental requirement of economic growth driven by consumption demand.
Based on the research background of consumption demand at home and abroad and the related knowledge of consumption economics, the mechanism of consumption on economic growth and the theory of long-term mechanism of consumption demand, this paper analyzes the general characteristics and main restrictive factors of consumption demand in China from three aspects: consumption scale, consumption structure and consumption level. Since the opening up, China has maintained a relatively rapid economic growth and the consumption scale has been expanding, but the problem of insufficient consumption demand has always existed. The personal consumption rate of residents is on the low side and the trend of continuous decline is obvious. The consumption structure between urban and rural residents, residents and governments as well as at home and abroad is unbalanced. The consumption structure between regions, between urban and rural areas and between residents of different ages is unbalanced. In fact, the insufficiency of individual consumption demand in China is mainly due to the relative decline of the income level of residents, the long-term existence of the dual economic structure, the inadequate supply of basic public services by the government, the imperfect social security system, and the promotion of consumption growth. Therefore, the construction of a long-term mechanism for expanding individual consumption needs to be guaranteed by relevant economic systems and economic systems. Standardization, matching and stable consumption systems are the basic conditions for building a long-term mechanism, and releasing the consumption capacity of potential consumer groups is the key to building a long-term mechanism. Deepening the reform of the system, perfecting the consumption system and optimizing the consumption environment are the important guarantees for building a long-term mechanism.Based on the construction of the "olive" income distribution pattern, the release of the elderly's consumption capacity in the context of population aging, and the choice of low-carbon consumption path, this paper puts forward the construction of a long-term mechanism to ensure the expansion of individual consumption demand. The Countermeasures:
Firstly, rationalize the reform mechanism of income distribution. The unreasonable income distribution pattern and the excessive income gap are the main reasons leading to the insufficient consumption demand of residents. Therefore, the establishment of a stable growth mechanism of residents'income and the employment security mechanism of urban and rural residents are the basis for establishing a long-term mechanism of individual consumption demand of residents. Payment, public service, development of charity and so on will increase the adjustment function to income redistribution, form the "olive" income distribution pattern, improve the individual consumption expectation and consumer confidence, that is to say, from the enhancement of individual consumption ability and consumption will, build a long-term mechanism to expand individual consumption demand.
Secondly, we should improve the reform mechanism of the endowment insurance system. Through the empirical study of the influence of China's social basic endowment insurance on the consumption of the elderly, we find that under the background of population aging, we should speed up the reform of the endowment insurance system, adjust and optimize the level of fund raising and payment of the endowment insurance fund, which will help to realize the optimal allocation of endowment resources and release the elderly. The potential consumption power of the annual consumer group.
Third, advocate the concept of low-carbon consumption. Low-carbon consumption itself reflects the upgrading of consumption structure and energy conservation and emission reduction. It is the focus of building a long-term mechanism to expand individual consumption demand. Through the empirical study of individual consumption demand and per capita carbon emissions, this paper explores the relationship between resource consumption and moderate growth of individual consumption, and puts forward advocacy. Residents should establish the concept of low-carbon consumption and promote sustainable consumption in order to optimize the structure of personal consumption, improve the quality of consumption and improve the quality of consumption, and realize the transformation of personal consumption from extensive to intensive.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F126
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