【摘要】：能值理論和研究方法為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和人類生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的評價(jià)研究開拓了一條定量研究的新途徑，在國際學(xué)術(shù)界引起了強(qiáng)烈的反響并被廣泛應(yīng)用在生態(tài)的（森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)；濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)；農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)等）、工業(yè)的和經(jīng)濟(jì)的系統(tǒng)分析及生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)性評價(jià)等；研究尺度上涉及全球尺度、國家尺度和地區(qū)尺度，還涉及到環(huán)境政策和管理及區(qū)域人品承載力評估等，甚至具體到基因信息中儲(chǔ)存的能值等多方面的研究，產(chǎn)生了較好的應(yīng)用效果。 本研究選取了位于黃土高原溝壑區(qū)的洛川和淳化兩個(gè)自然經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境不同的農(nóng)業(yè)子系統(tǒng)，果業(yè)子系統(tǒng)和農(nóng)果復(fù)合系統(tǒng)作為研究對象，并選取兩個(gè)有代表性的典型村，西坡村和南安善村，通過農(nóng)戶調(diào)查和調(diào)查所在地農(nóng)業(yè)局、果業(yè)局和氣象局收集的數(shù)據(jù)，借鑒參考其他相關(guān)研究模式的同時(shí)，相應(yīng)的擴(kuò)大了該地區(qū)能值投入產(chǎn)出結(jié)構(gòu)的深度和廣度。分別對比研究了2008年和2011年兩個(gè)年度黃土高原中南部地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境系統(tǒng)的投入產(chǎn)出情況，運(yùn)行效率和環(huán)境負(fù)荷等問題，探討自然狀況和經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境對當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)，果業(yè)和復(fù)合系統(tǒng)的影響作用，目的在于協(xié)調(diào)人與自然和諧發(fā)展，為黃土高原中南部農(nóng)村地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)資源利用提供一個(gè)新的理論視野，同時(shí)也為不同地區(qū)農(nóng)戶農(nóng)果復(fù)合系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化和效益提高提供依據(jù)。分析結(jié)果表明： 1.西坡村和南安善村2011年的風(fēng)能相對于2008年均有所提高，土壤侵蝕程度更加嚴(yán)重，不利于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，有待于進(jìn)一步改善，但兩村的降雨量有所加大，有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。本地的不可更新資源是南安善村農(nóng)業(yè)能值使用量中貢獻(xiàn)最大的一部分。南安善村農(nóng)戶農(nóng)果復(fù)合系統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)過程對本地不可更資源的消耗量少于西坡村的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程，揭示了西坡村農(nóng)戶農(nóng)果復(fù)合系統(tǒng)更薄弱的自然環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)。相對于2008年，兩村的可更新有機(jī)能和不可更新輔助能值都是有所提高，表明兩村的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平和教育程度都有所提高。系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)的集約化和現(xiàn)代化程度較高，環(huán)境資源的貢獻(xiàn)相對較小。2011年西坡村和南安善村農(nóng)果復(fù)合系統(tǒng)對環(huán)境的依賴程度更高。 2.西坡村和南安善村2008年和2011年系統(tǒng)中不可更新環(huán)境能值占較大比例，可更新資源比例較小，水土流失情況嚴(yán)重。農(nóng)果復(fù)合系統(tǒng)以工業(yè)輔助能值為主要輔助能投，有機(jī)輔助能投比例不高，2011年相對于2008年各項(xiàng)投入并沒有改善，因有機(jī)能是一種可更新資源，故各農(nóng)戶應(yīng)加大有機(jī)能投入比例，以便利于兩村農(nóng)果復(fù)合系統(tǒng)的持續(xù)有序發(fā)展。 3.兩個(gè)年度之間2011年淳化地區(qū)的降水均要多于2008年，土壤侵蝕程度要高于2008年，自然條件方面更不利于農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。生產(chǎn)過程對本地不可更資源的消耗量多于2008年，自然環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)更薄弱。兩個(gè)區(qū)域2011年的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平要高于2008年，，教育程度也要高于2008年。2008年和2011年各子系統(tǒng)、和農(nóng)果復(fù)合生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中購買能值均占較大比例，無償環(huán)境能值比例較小，說明在該地區(qū)農(nóng)戶各子系統(tǒng)及農(nóng)果復(fù)合生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對環(huán)境的依賴程度很小。2011年兩個(gè)區(qū)域的農(nóng)果復(fù)合系統(tǒng)對環(huán)境的依賴程度有所下降，系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)的集約化和現(xiàn)代化程度較低，環(huán)境資源的貢獻(xiàn)相對較大。 4.兩個(gè)區(qū)域之間淳化地區(qū)其降水要多于洛川地區(qū)，土壤侵蝕程度要高于洛川地區(qū)，自然條件方面更不利于農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。相對于2008年，洛川地區(qū)的可更新資源的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均有所下降，表明自然條件狀況有所改善，相對于2008年有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。淳化地區(qū)農(nóng)果復(fù)合系統(tǒng)自然環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)更薄弱。2011年洛川地區(qū)自然環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)有所改善，生產(chǎn)過程中消耗量有所降低。淳化地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平要高于洛川地區(qū)，教育程度也要高于洛川地區(qū)。2011年淳化地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有所提高，教育水平也有所提高，而洛川地區(qū)則有所下降。
[Abstract]:Emergy theory and research methods have opened up a new way for quantitative research on the evaluation of ecosystems and human production activities. It has aroused strong response in the international academic community and has been widely used in ecological (forest ecosystem; wetland ecosystem; agricultural ecosystem, etc.), industrial and economic systems analysis and ecology. The research scale involves global scale, national scale and regional scale, environmental policy and management, regional human carrying capacity assessment, and even specific to the energy stored in genetic information, and so on.
In this study, Luochuan and Chunhua, two agricultural subsystems with different natural and economic environments in the gully region of the Loess Plateau, including fruit subsystem and fruit complex system, were selected as the research objects. Two typical villages, Xipo and Nananshan, were selected as the research objects. Through the investigation of farmers, the local agricultural bureau, Fruit Bureau and Meteorological Bureau were selected. Based on the collected data, the depth and breadth of the emergy input-output structure in the central and southern Loess Plateau were enlarged with reference to other relevant research models. The effect of natural conditions and economic environment on local agriculture, fruit industry and complex system is aimed at coordinating the harmonious development of human and nature, providing a new theoretical perspective for the utilization of agricultural resources in the middle and southern rural areas of the Loess Plateau, and providing a basis for optimizing the structure and improving the benefits of the Agro-fruit complex system in different areas. The results show that:
1. The wind energy of Xipo Village and Nan'anshan Village in 2011 is higher than that of 2008, the soil erosion is more serious, which is not conducive to economic development and needs to be further improved. However, the precipitation of the two villages has increased, which is conducive to economic development. The production process of the farmer-fruit complex system in Nan'anshan village consumes less local non-renewable resources than the agricultural production process in Xipo village, revealing the weaker natural environment foundation of the farmer-fruit complex system in Xipo village. The intensive and modernized production of the system is relatively high, and the contribution of environmental resources is relatively small.
2. The non-renewable environmental energy accounts for a large proportion in the systems of Xipo Village and Nan'anshan Village in 2008 and 2011. The renewable resources account for a small proportion and the soil erosion is serious. Energy is a renewable resource, so farmers should increase the proportion of organic energy input to facilitate the sustainable and orderly development of the two villages'Agro-fruit complex system.
3. The precipitation in Chunhua area in 2011 was more than that in 2008, the soil erosion degree was higher than that in 2008, and the natural conditions were more unfavorable to agricultural economic development. The education level is also higher than that of the subsystems in 2008.2008 and 2011, and the purchased energy accounts for a large proportion of the total energy in the agro-ecosystem, while the free environmental energy accounts for a small proportion. This indicates that the dependence of the farmer subsystems and the agro-ecosystem on the environment is very small. The degree of dependence has decreased, the intensive and modernized degree of system production is low, and the contribution of environmental resources is relatively large.
4. The precipitation in Chunhua area is more than that in Luochuan area, the soil erosion degree is higher than that in Luochuan area, and the natural conditions are more unfavorable to agricultural economic development. The economic development level of Chunhua is higher than that of Luochuan, and the education level is also higher than that of Luochuan. In 2011, the economic development of Chunhua has been improved and the consumption of education has been reduced. The level also increased, while the Luochuan area decreased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F124.5;F326

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