【摘要】：埃及在拜占庭帝國(guó)有著特殊的地位:在經(jīng)濟(jì)上,它是“拜占庭大糧倉(cāng)”,是帝國(guó)重要的稅收來(lái)源,為拜占庭帝國(guó)的財(cái)政收入做出了極大的貢獻(xiàn);在宗教上,埃及與早期基督教的發(fā)展有著千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系,同時(shí),埃及也是帝國(guó)境內(nèi)宗教紛爭(zhēng)的策源地,帝國(guó)境內(nèi)的宗教紛爭(zhēng)或多或少與埃及相關(guān)。查士丁尼一世到伊拉克略一世統(tǒng)治時(shí)期,內(nèi)憂外患的拜占庭帝國(guó)已無(wú)力支撐龐大的帝國(guó)版圖,在埃及的統(tǒng)治不過(guò)是茍延殘喘。一方面,從查士丁尼一世開始延續(xù)到伊拉克略一世統(tǒng)治時(shí)期的財(cái)政危機(jī),迫使帝國(guó)為了增加財(cái)政收入,對(duì)稅收政策做了一定的調(diào)整。帝國(guó)通過(guò)增加稅收、對(duì)埃及經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)行管控等方式從埃及獲取了過(guò)多的財(cái)富,卻沒有任何實(shí)質(zhì)性的支持和補(bǔ)償。對(duì)埃及人而言,這是一種沉重的負(fù)擔(dān),縮小了埃及人的生存空間。另一方面,這一時(shí)期埃及自身在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的發(fā)展也有了很大的變化。首先,自然災(zāi)害,例如瘟疫的爆發(fā)造成了大量人口的死亡、財(cái)產(chǎn)的損失,往往還伴隨著普遍的饑荒,嚴(yán)重地破壞了整個(gè)埃及的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ);其次,這個(gè)時(shí)期埃及大地產(chǎn),包括教會(huì)大地產(chǎn)和世俗大地產(chǎn)的發(fā)展壯大也嚴(yán)重地影響了埃及經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。他們?cè)絹?lái)越多地將財(cái)富、地位攥在自己手中,成為主導(dǎo)埃及經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要力量,從而加速了埃及土地兼并的進(jìn)程,導(dǎo)致更多小地主和農(nóng)民的破產(chǎn),在一定程度上打擊了埃及經(jīng)濟(jì);最后,在阿拉伯人占領(lǐng)埃及之前,埃及經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)一步衰敗,甚至面臨崩潰,嚴(yán)重影響了埃及人對(duì)拜占庭帝國(guó)的忠誠(chéng),以至于他們并不反對(duì)7世紀(jì)40年代埃及即將面臨的巨大改變。經(jīng)濟(jì)因素成為拜占庭帝國(guó)喪失埃及的關(guān)鍵因素之一。
[Abstract]:Egypt had a special place in the Byzantine Empire: economically, it was the "Byzantine granary", an important source of revenue for the empire and a great contributor to the revenue of the Byzantine Empire; in religion, Egypt is closely related to the development of early Christianity. At the same time, Egypt is also the birthplace of religious disputes in the Empire, which is more or less related to Egypt. During the reign of Justinian I and Iraq I, the Byzantine Empire with internal and external troubles was no longer able to support a vast empire, and rule in Egypt was no more than survival. On the one hand, the fiscal crisis from Justinian I to the reign of Iraq forced the Empire to adjust its tax policy in order to increase revenue. The empire gained too much wealth from Egypt by raising taxes and controlling the Egyptian economy without any substantial support or compensation. For Egyptians, this is a heavy burden, reducing the Egyptian living space. On the other hand, Egypt's own economic development in this period also changed a lot. First, natural disasters, such as the outbreak of plague, caused the death of a large number of people and the loss of property, often accompanied by widespread famine, seriously destroying the economic base of the whole of Egypt. The growth of both church and secular properties has also seriously affected the Egyptian economy. More and more of them took possession of wealth and status in their own hands and became an important force to dominate the Egyptian economy, thus speeding up the process of land annexation in Egypt, leading to the bankruptcy of more small landlords and peasants, and hitting the Egyptian economy to a certain extent. Finally, before the Arab occupation of Egypt, Egypt's economy was further decayed or even collapsed, seriously affecting the Egyptians' loyalty to the Byzantine Empire, so that they did not object to the great changes that Egypt was about to face in the 1970s. Economic factors became one of the key factors in the loss of the Byzantine Empire.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F119

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