本文選題：城鄉(xiāng)居民收入 + 差距　； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來，隨著市場經(jīng)濟改革的逐步深化，河北省城鄉(xiāng)居民收入也在發(fā)生根本性的變化：一方面，隨著經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，城鄉(xiāng)居民的收入得到普遍的提高；但另一方面，城鄉(xiāng)居民的收入差距也隨之增長，并一直處于較高的水平，以至于城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距過大問題已經(jīng)成為影響河北省經(jīng)濟快速穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的重大隱患問題。農(nóng)村居民收入增長幅度緩慢，城鎮(zhèn)居民收入增長幅度迅速，城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距日益擴大并呈群體性特征，嚴重地影響著國家提出的“發(fā)展成果由人民共享”這一收入分配改革目標的實現(xiàn)，制約了河北省的社會穩(wěn)定和經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 河北省作為一個農(nóng)業(yè)大省，二元戶籍制度理所當(dāng)然的成為了城鄉(xiāng)收入差距擴大的本質(zhì)原因。二元戶籍制度事實上賦予了城市居民與農(nóng)村居民兩個不同身份，明顯分成了兩個不同階層。在城鄉(xiāng)分割的二元戶籍制度下，農(nóng)村居民在完全盡到應(yīng)盡義務(wù)的同時卻沒有平等的享受到理應(yīng)享受的“發(fā)展的果實”，城市居民憑借其戶籍優(yōu)勢卻享受更多權(quán)利及福利。這便是造就了社會結(jié)構(gòu)的分裂和平行運行的城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)。在這種二元經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)下，，農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展極為緩慢，農(nóng)民生活水平處于停滯狀態(tài)，文化水平低導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村的貧困和農(nóng)村居民的思想落后，農(nóng)村剩余勞動力意識不到向城鎮(zhèn)轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)展，城鎮(zhèn)化水平低，城鎮(zhèn)化進程慢，進一步拉大了城鄉(xiāng)收入差距，嚴重影響了我省市場經(jīng)濟體制的建立、發(fā)展和完善。 二元經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)影響下，經(jīng)濟水平本就落后的農(nóng)村把最初的原始積累奉獻給了工業(yè)化的發(fā)展，農(nóng)業(yè)這一最基本，最傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟形式為工業(yè)化、城市化的高積累提供了成本，農(nóng)民為此放棄了最初的應(yīng)得收入，農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展被嚴重阻滯，處于停止狀態(tài)。由于國家提出的不平衡的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展策略，農(nóng)村居民收入與城市居民收入拉開距離，影響了農(nóng)村收入水平的提高。我國之所以提出了優(yōu)先發(fā)展重工業(yè)的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展策略，是當(dāng)時特定環(huán)境決定的，我國第一個五年計劃中，資源嚴重缺乏，只能通過農(nóng)業(yè)積累原始資本，工農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的價格“剪刀差”的形式，支持農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展。這是不顧資源約束而實行的趕超戰(zhàn)略，其結(jié)果直接導(dǎo)致了城市化進程緩慢，工業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)比例失調(diào)，城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距進一步拉大。 河北省城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距呈現(xiàn)出不斷擴大趨勢。收入差距擴大趨勢究竟是什么原因促成的？如何理順收入分配關(guān)系和深化分配制度改革，縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距，實現(xiàn)真正的共同富裕？河北省是一個人口大省，也是一個農(nóng)業(yè)大省。城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距不斷擴大是河北省經(jīng)濟發(fā)展過程中必須下大力氣解決的問題。文章從居民收入、消費、基尼系數(shù)及恩格爾系數(shù)等方面說明了我省城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距現(xiàn)狀，并就城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距成因進行了實證分析和說明。 基于此，本文結(jié)合馬克思主義經(jīng)濟學(xué)，借鑒西方經(jīng)濟學(xué)的一些統(tǒng)計指標，對河北省城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的現(xiàn)狀進行研究，在此基礎(chǔ)上探討了縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距可以利用的有利因素、面臨的主要困難，最后在分析了存在的問題及成因的基礎(chǔ)上，筆者對解決問題的路徑做了思考。 全文主要分三個大的內(nèi)容，首先是對和城鄉(xiāng)居民收入分配有關(guān)的社會主義分配制度理論的相關(guān)綜述，為接下來問題的提出和分析提供理論依據(jù)。其次是以實證的形式，著重分析了河北省城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的現(xiàn)狀，包括近年來取得的成就、存在的問題及問題成因的分析，揭示了河北省城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距現(xiàn)狀中的不足及危害，最后，根據(jù)前面的分析，確定了河北省城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距問題解決的目標，并據(jù)此提出了筆者的建議。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, with the gradual deepening of the reform of the market economy, the income of urban and rural residents in Hebei province has also changed fundamentally. On the one hand, with the rapid development of the economy, the income of urban and rural residents has been generally improved; on the other hand, the income gap between urban and rural residents has also increased, and has been at a high level, even at a higher level. The problem of the large income gap between urban and rural residents has become a major problem that affects the rapid and stable development of Hebei's economy. The income growth of rural residents is slow, the income of urban residents is growing rapidly, the income gap between urban and rural residents is expanding and is group characteristic, which seriously affects the "development results" proposed by the state. The realization of the goal of income distribution reform has restricted the social stability and economic sustainable development of Hebei province.
As a big agricultural province in Hebei, the two yuan household registration system has become the essential reason for the expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas. The two yuan household registration system actually endows urban residents and rural residents with two different identities, which are clearly divided into two different classes. Under the two yuan household registration system, the rural residents are fully exhausted. At the same time, there is no equal enjoyment of the "fruit of development" which should be enjoyed. The urban residents enjoy more rights and benefits by virtue of their domicile advantages. This is the two yuan economic structure which has created the split and parallel operation of the social structure. Under this two yuan economic structure, the rural economic development is very slow, the farmers are very slow. The living standard is in the stagnation state, the low cultural level leads to the rural poverty and the rural residents' thinking backward, the rural surplus labor consciousness is not transferred to the town, the level of urbanization is low, the urbanization process is slow, which further widen the income gap between the urban and rural areas, which seriously affects the establishment, development and improvement of the market economy system in our province.
Under the influence of the two yuan economic structure, the economic level of the backward countryside has devoted the original original accumulation to the development of industrialization. The most basic and most traditional economic form of agriculture is industrialization, and the high accumulation of urbanization provides the cost. The peasants have given up their original income, and the development of agriculture is seriously blocked and is at the end. State. Because of the unbalanced economic development strategy proposed by the state, the income of rural residents and the urban residents' income are separated from the urban residents' income, which affects the improvement of the rural income level. The reason why China has proposed the priority of developing the economic development strategy of heavy industry is determined by the specific environment at that time. In the first five year plan of China, the resources are seriously lacking, only Through the accumulation of raw capital in agriculture and the price "scissors difference" in the form of "scissors difference", the price of industrial and agricultural products can support the development of agriculture. This is a catch up strategy regardless of the constraints of resources. The result directly leads to the slow process of urbanization, the imbalance of industrial agriculture, and the further widening of the income gap between urban and rural residents.
The income gap between urban and rural residents in Hebei is increasing. What are the reasons for the expansion of the income gap? How to straighten out the income distribution relationship and deepen the reform of the distribution system, reduce the income gap between urban and rural residents and realize the real common prosperity? Hebei is a large province of population and a big agricultural province. The widening gap between the people's income is a problem that must be solved in the process of economic development in Hebei province. This paper illustrates the income gap of urban and rural residents in our province from the aspects of residents' income, consumption, Gini coefficient and Engel coefficient, and makes an empirical analysis and explanation on the causes of the income gap between urban and rural residents.
Based on this, this paper, based on Marx's economics, uses some statistical indicators in western economics to study the current situation of urban and rural income gap in Hebei province. On this basis, this paper discusses the favorable factors that can be used to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the main difficulties are on the basis of the analysis of the existing problems and causes. People think about the way to solve the problem.
The full text is mainly divided into three major contents, first of all, the relevant summary of the theory of socialist distribution system related to the distribution of urban and rural residents' income distribution, providing theoretical basis for the following problems and analysis. Secondly, the present situation of the income gap between urban and rural residents in Hebei Province is emphatically analyzed in the form of empirical analysis, including the achievements made in recent years. The analysis of the existing problems and the causes of the problems reveals the deficiency and harm of the income gap between urban and rural residents in Hebei province. Finally, according to the previous analysis, the goal of solving the problem of the income gap between urban and rural residents in Hebei province is determined and the author's suggestions are put forward accordingly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F124.7

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