民生支出對(duì)居民收入分配的影響研究
本文選題:民生支出 + 公共財(cái)政; 參考:《福州大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:我國(guó)居民收入差距的擴(kuò)大已成為全社會(huì)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),和諧社會(huì)的構(gòu)建需要對(duì)居民收入分配進(jìn)行有效調(diào)節(jié)。造成居民收入分配差距過大的原因很多,沒有充分發(fā)揮財(cái)政支出的收入調(diào)節(jié)職能是一重要原因。目前,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)已進(jìn)入成熟階段,根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展階段論,財(cái)政支出應(yīng)由“建設(shè)財(cái)政”轉(zhuǎn)向“民生財(cái)政”。因此,研究民生支出對(duì)居民收入分配的影響具有重要意義。在理論分析方面,文章先分別對(duì)民生支出和收入分配的相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行界定,為下文深入研究奠定基礎(chǔ),再總體概述民生支出對(duì)居民收入分配的作用機(jī)理;在實(shí)證分析方面,先分別對(duì)我國(guó)民生支出和居民收入分配的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行描述,闡釋存在的問題,再綜合實(shí)證研究民生支出對(duì)居民收入分配的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,我國(guó)民生支出并未發(fā)揮調(diào)節(jié)居民收入分配的作用:在規(guī)模方面,首先,通過民生支出與基尼系數(shù)的相關(guān)性研究發(fā)現(xiàn),民生支出與基尼系數(shù)呈反向變動(dòng)關(guān)系,即民生支出有利于縮小我國(guó)整體居民收入差距;其次,通過民生支出與城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),民生支出擴(kuò)大了城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距。實(shí)證結(jié)果表明,民生支出有利于縮小整體居民收入差距,但卻擴(kuò)大了城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距,說明民生支出結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,有偏重城市的傾向,進(jìn)而對(duì)民生支出結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析。在結(jié)構(gòu)方面,文章根據(jù)民生需求的程度不同將民生支出歸為5大類,進(jìn)行“層級(jí)”分析,通過面板模型理清了民生支出結(jié)構(gòu)存在的主要問題。首先,民生性最強(qiáng)且投入比例最大的第一層民生支出,居然擴(kuò)大了城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距;其次,關(guān)乎到經(jīng)濟(jì)可以持續(xù)發(fā)展的第四層民生支出力度不足,對(duì)改善城鄉(xiāng)收入差距效果不明顯;最后,作為制度保障本應(yīng)盡量減少的第五層民生支出居高不下,進(jìn)一步惡化了城鄉(xiāng)收入差距。鑒于以上分析得出的問題,有針對(duì)性地提出優(yōu)化民生支出的政策建議:首先要確定民生支出的四大原則,即堅(jiān)定層級(jí)支出原則、體現(xiàn)順應(yīng)需求原則、發(fā)揮受益范圍原則、適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展原則。其次,在民生支出規(guī)模方面,要堅(jiān)定擴(kuò)大對(duì)民生領(lǐng)域的財(cái)政支持力度,保障民生支出的穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng),以“量變”推動(dòng)“質(zhì)變”;在民生支出結(jié)構(gòu)方面,要保障第一層民生支出,強(qiáng)化第二層民生支出,規(guī)劃第三層民生支出,重視第四層民生支出和壓縮第五層民生支出,并進(jìn)一步提出了優(yōu)化各個(gè)民生支出項(xiàng)目的具體思路。最后,完善相應(yīng)的配套措施,包括加快戶籍制度改革、完善轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度、擴(kuò)寬資金籌集渠道、建立科學(xué)的績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)體系和推進(jìn)民生支出公開化管理。
[Abstract]:The expansion of income gap has become the focus of attention of the whole society. The construction of harmonious society needs to regulate the income distribution of residents effectively. There are many reasons why the income distribution gap of residents is too large, and it is an important reason that the income adjustment function of financial expenditure is not brought into full play. At present, China's economy has entered a mature stage. According to the stage of economic development, financial expenditure should be changed from "construction finance" to "people's livelihood finance". Therefore, it is of great significance to study the impact of people's livelihood expenditure on the income distribution of residents. In the theoretical analysis, the article first defines the related concepts of people's livelihood expenditure and income distribution, which lays the foundation for the following in-depth study, and then summarizes the mechanism of the livelihood expenditure on the income distribution of residents; in the empirical analysis, Firstly, this paper describes the current situation of people's livelihood expenditure and residents' income distribution, explains the existing problems, and then studies the impact of people's livelihood expenditure on residents' income distribution. The results show that the people's livelihood expenditure does not play a role in regulating the income distribution of the residents. In terms of scale, first of all, through the study of the correlation between the people's livelihood expenditure and the Gini coefficient, it is found that the relationship between the people's livelihood expenditure and the Gini coefficient is reversed. That is, people's livelihood expenditure is conducive to narrowing the overall income gap; secondly, through the regression analysis of the income gap between the people's livelihood expenditure and the urban and rural residents' income gap, it is found that the livelihood expenditure expands the income gap between urban and rural residents. The empirical results show that people's livelihood expenditure is beneficial to narrow the income gap of the whole residents, but it expands the income gap between urban and rural residents, which shows that the expenditure structure of people's livelihood is unreasonable and has the tendency to pay more attention to the city, and then analyzes the expenditure structure of the people's livelihood. In terms of structure, according to the different degree of people's livelihood demand, the article classifies the people's livelihood expenditure into five categories, carries on the "hierarchy" analysis, and clarifies the main problems existing in the expenditure structure of the people's livelihood through the panel model. First, the first level of people's livelihood spending, which is the strongest and the largest proportion of people's livelihood, actually widens the income gap between urban and rural residents. Secondly, the fourth level of people's livelihood expenditure, which is related to sustainable economic development, is not strong enough. Finally, the fifth level of livelihood expenditure, which should be reduced as far as possible, remains high, which further exacerbates the income gap between urban and rural areas. In view of the problems obtained from the above analysis, the paper puts forward the policy recommendations to optimize the people's livelihood expenditure: first of all, it is necessary to determine the four principles of people's livelihood expenditure, that is, the principle of firm level expenditure, the principle of responding to demand and the principle of scope of benefit. Adapt to the principle of economic development. Secondly, in terms of the scale of people's livelihood expenditure, it is necessary to firmly expand the financial support for the people's livelihood, ensure the steady growth of the people's livelihood expenditure, and promote "qualitative change" with "quantitative change"; in terms of the expenditure structure of the people's livelihood, we should ensure the first level of people's livelihood expenditure. Strengthen the second level of people's livelihood expenditure, plan the third level of people's livelihood expenditure, attach importance to the fourth level of people's livelihood expenditure and reduce the fifth level of people's livelihood expenditure, and further put forward the specific ideas of optimizing the various items of people's livelihood expenditure. Finally, the corresponding supporting measures should be improved, including speeding up the reform of the household registration system, perfecting the transfer payment system, widening the channels for raising funds, establishing a scientific performance evaluation system and promoting the open management of people's livelihood expenditure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:福州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號(hào)】:F812.45;F126.2
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