本文選題：轉(zhuǎn)移支付 + 收入差距��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,人民的生活發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化,城鄉(xiāng)居民生活水平都有著顯著地提高。但是由于資源在城鄉(xiāng)之間的分配的不均,以及城鄉(xiāng)內(nèi)部的收入分配制度的不同,導(dǎo)致了城鄉(xiāng)居民的收入差距越來越大。一定的收入差距會激勵經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,然而過大的收入差距則會有很多隱患,不僅會不利于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,也會對社會的穩(wěn)定造成威脅。過大的收入差距會打消人們工作的積極性,會導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)的消費(fèi)傾向降低,會導(dǎo)致犯罪率升高,會出現(xiàn)很多問題。縮小收入差距,防止收入差距過大,不僅是我國面臨的問題,也是一個世界性的難題。有關(guān)于實(shí)現(xiàn)收入分配公平研究,已經(jīng)不僅僅是一個經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)問題,它儼然成了一個社會性的問題。這一現(xiàn)象引起了廣大的學(xué)者的密切關(guān)注。研究收入差距的文獻(xiàn)層出不窮的,但是研究角度,研究方法各有千秋,所以對于城鄉(xiāng)下一步經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的看法也各有不同。這一問題的研究嚴(yán)重的影響著我國下一步經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。所以多角度的研究收入差距的形成以及解決方法有著非常深遠(yuǎn)以及重大的理論意義。 從1994年實(shí)行分稅制以來,我國建立了一套財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付體系,來平衡地方的財權(quán)和事權(quán),來滿足地方政府正常運(yùn)行和提供公共服務(wù)。本文對我國現(xiàn)行的財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付進(jìn)行了介紹,介紹了轉(zhuǎn)移支付的實(shí)質(zhì)和定義,還有我國轉(zhuǎn)移支付的基本形式。同時本文分析了收入差距和財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度的相關(guān)理論,包括市場失靈理論,國民收入再分配理論以及市場效率與政府公平的權(quán)衡,通過對相關(guān)理論的分析,了解了我國出現(xiàn)收入差距的原因,以及轉(zhuǎn)移支付應(yīng)該在解決收入差距問題上發(fā)揮作用。本文還對相關(guān)學(xué)者的研究進(jìn)行了回顧,了解到相關(guān)學(xué)者的研究角度及方向,對于本文的政策建議的提出,都起到了一定的作用。 財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度作為我國宏觀調(diào)控的主要政策之一,對于調(diào)節(jié)收入分配公平有著重要的作用,它是在初次分配不平等后調(diào)節(jié)收入分配的非常重要的手段。但是轉(zhuǎn)移支付在解決平衡問題上,還存在著很多問題,通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),由于城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)的存在,以及我國現(xiàn)有的城市指向的存在；還有現(xiàn)有財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付政策在設(shè)計上存在的偏差,都會影響財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的效用。所以本文通過分析提出了相應(yīng)的政策建議。 本文從對遼寧省財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付作用分析入手,分析了遼寧省財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付現(xiàn)狀以及遼寧省城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的現(xiàn)狀,分析了轉(zhuǎn)移支付對縮小收入差距發(fā)揮的作用以及存在的問題。接下來對遼寧省利用財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付解決城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境進(jìn)行了分析,分別分析了遼寧省的政策變化,城鄉(xiāng)人口結(jié)構(gòu)以及遼寧省的城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了遼寧省在解決城鄉(xiāng)收入差距問題上,所面臨的機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)。并且在參考國外對于利用財政政策解決收入差距問題上的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)后,提出了我國在利用財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付來解決城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的總體戰(zhàn)略和戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)。最后,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了遼寧省在利用財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的政策措施建議。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the people's life has undergone tremendous changes, and the living standards of urban and rural residents have been greatly improved. However, due to the uneven distribution of resources between urban and rural areas and the differences in the income distribution system within the urban and rural areas, the income gap between urban and rural residents is becoming more and more large. However, a large income gap will have many hidden dangers, which will not only be detrimental to the economic development, but also threaten the stability of the society. The excessive income gap will eliminate the enthusiasm of the people's work, which will lead to the reduction of the economic consumption tendency, which will lead to a rise in the rate of crime and a lot of problems. The large income gap is not only a problem facing our country, but also a worldwide problem. It is not only an economic problem to realize the fair study of income distribution, but it has become a social problem. This phenomenon has aroused the close attention of the vast number of scholars. It is a research angle, and the research methods are different, so there are different views on the next step of economic development in urban and rural areas. The study of this problem seriously affects the development strategy of our country's next step of economy. So it has profound and significant theoretical significance to study the formation and solution of the income gap in many angles.
Since the implementation of the tax sharing system in 1994, China has established a financial transfer payment system to balance the local financial rights and powers to meet the normal operation of local governments and provide public services. This article introduces the current financial transfer payment in China, introduces the essence and definition of the transfer payment, and the basic of the transfer payment in our country. At the same time, this paper analyzes the related theories of income gap and financial transfer payment system, including market failure theory, national income redistribution theory and the trade-off between market efficiency and government fairness. Through the analysis of relevant theories, the reasons for the income gap in China are understood, and the transfer payment should be solved in order to solve the income gap. It also plays a role in the problem. This paper also reviews the research of the relevant scholars, and understands the research angle and direction of the relevant scholars, and it has played a certain role in the proposal of the policy.
As one of the main policies of macro regulation and control in China, the financial transfer payment system plays an important role in regulating the fair distribution of income. It is a very important means to adjust the income distribution after the initial distribution of inequality. However, the transfer payment is still in many problems in solving the problem of balance, and it is found that the urban and rural areas are due to the urban and rural areas. The existence of the two yuan structure, as well as the existing urban orientation in China, and the existing deviations in the design of the current fiscal transfer payment policy, will affect the financial transfer payment to play its due effect.
Starting with the analysis of the role of financial transfer payment in Liaoning Province, this paper analyzes the status of the financial transfer payment in Liaoning province and the current situation of urban and rural income gap in Liaoning Province, analyzes the role and problems of the transfer payment to reduce the income gap. Then, the war on the use of fiscal transfer payment to solve the gap between urban and rural income in Liaoning province is followed. On the basis of analysis of the policy changes in Liaoning Province, the urban and rural population structure and the urban and rural economic environment of Liaoning Province, this paper puts forward the opportunities and challenges facing Liaoning Province in solving the problem of urban and rural income gap, and in reference to the foreign countries' advance in the use of fiscal policy to solve the income gap problem. After experience, we put forward the overall strategy and strategic focus in the use of fiscal transfer payment to solve the income gap between urban and rural residents. Finally, on this basis, the policy and measures for reducing the income gap between urban and rural areas in Liaoning province are proposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F124.7;F812.45

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