本文選題：RD經費 + RD人員�。� 參考：《吉林大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球化和知識經濟的迅猛發(fā)展，科學技術日益成為經濟社會發(fā)展的主要驅動力，區(qū)域競爭力比任何時候都更加依賴于區(qū)域內的科技發(fā)明、模仿創(chuàng)新、引進與消化吸收再創(chuàng)新、以及科技的轉化應用擴散。科技創(chuàng)新已經成為決定一個區(qū)域經濟增長實力和產業(yè)發(fā)展水平的關鍵因素。RD投入是科技進步的物質基礎和重要前提，是直接推動科技進步的主要動力，是經濟增長不可或缺的重要因素之一。增加RD投入有助于企業(yè)獲得規(guī)模收益，有助于整個行業(yè)和產業(yè)形成集聚經濟，有助于轉變經濟增長方式和優(yōu)化產業(yè)結構，進而促進經濟增長。 我國幅員遼闊，人口眾多，各區(qū)域自然資源、要素稟賦、基礎設施建設以及產業(yè)政策不同，使得各地區(qū)RD投入相差較大，對經濟增長的影響也各不相同�；诖�，筆者以“我國研發(fā)投入及其產出效率的省際比較研究”為論文題目，在系統(tǒng)梳理相關理論和研究文獻的基礎上，，從不同角度對RD投入產出進行了全面的分析，并運用計量分析方法深入研究了RD投入產出效率的差異及其影響因素，探討了RD投入對經濟增長的貢獻，進而提出了符合我國實際的具體建議。 第一，回顧我國RD投入的演變歷程，掌握我國RD投入整體狀況和RD經費的發(fā)展演變。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我國RD投入規(guī)模不斷擴大，越來越接近創(chuàng)新型國家的水平。我國RD經費主要來自于企業(yè)資金和政府資金，以試驗發(fā)展研究為主。RD活動各執(zhí)行主體中，企業(yè)的RD經費主要來自于企業(yè)資金，以進行試驗發(fā)展為主。研發(fā)機構的RD經費主要來自于政府，試驗發(fā)展和應用研究并重。高等學校則以政府資金和企業(yè)資金為主，主要進行應用研究和基礎研究。各執(zhí)行主體的RD經費支出用途具有較高的相似性，均以日常性支出為主。RD人員分布與RD經費分布基本保持一致。 第二，基于我國RD投入演變的分析視角，對不同省市RD經費投入和RD人員投入變化進行比較研究，分析不同省市在RD投入方面的差異。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我國RD經費投入分布極其不均衡，省際差異巨大。RD經費投入規(guī)模和RD經費投入強度呈現(xiàn)從東到西梯度分布。RD經費投入與各地區(qū)經濟發(fā)展水平、經濟結構、主導產業(yè)規(guī)模以及產權結構、地理位置、RD活動執(zhí)行主體數(shù)量等因素密切相關。具體來說，各地區(qū)RD經費主要來源于企業(yè)和政府，第二產業(yè)較為發(fā)達的地區(qū)和自然資源稟賦較高的地區(qū)企業(yè)資金投入較多；科研機構高等院校較為集中的地區(qū)政府資金投入較多；對外開放程度較高的沿海地區(qū)國外資金所占比重非常高。 第三，運用面板數(shù)據(jù)計量分析方法，對我國RD投入差距以及不同省市RD投入差距的主要影響因素展開研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我國RD經費投入強度受到多種因素影響，不同因素的作用差異較大。通過測算可知，我國RD經費投入主要是受到政府作用的正向影響，產業(yè)結構次之。經濟發(fā)展水平、經濟開放程度、RD人力資本投入等均具有正向影響作用，但作用效果相對較弱。省際回歸結果顯示，各影響因素對東中西部地區(qū)的影響逐級遞減，主要作用于東部各省市。 第四，對我國RD投入產出的演變及其省際之間的差異進行對比分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我國RD投入產出成果不斷增長，省際差異較大。隨著RD投入的增長，專利產出逐年遞增，以實用新型專利為主，外觀設計專利次之，發(fā)明專利最少，絕大多數(shù)來自工業(yè)企業(yè)。專利產出較高的地區(qū)主要分布在東部地區(qū)，特別是工業(yè)企業(yè)分布較為集中的地區(qū)。從技術性收入類型來看，我國RD投入產出的直接經濟效益主要分布在技術開發(fā)和技術服務兩個領域；從知識產權構成來看，主要分布在技術秘密領域和未涉及知識產權領域；從技術領域來看，以電子信息技術和先進制造技術為主；從社會經濟目標來看，主要用于促進工業(yè)的發(fā)展。值得注意的是，我國RD投入產出的直接經濟效益即各省市技術市場成交合同額差異較大，以北京和上海為主。 第五，對我國RD投入產出效率的演變以及省際之間的差異進行比較研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我國RD投入的產出效率波動較大，省際之間差別迥異。從RD經費投入的論文產出效率看，研發(fā)機構和高等學校較為集中的省市和以基礎研究和應用研究為主的省市，產出效率相對較高。從RD經費的專利產出效率看，經濟發(fā)展水平較高的省市和工業(yè)企業(yè)RD經費投入以進行試驗發(fā)展為主的東部沿海省市，產出效率較高。從RD人員投入的論文產出效率看，研發(fā)機構和高等學校集聚的北京和上海等省市，產出效率較高。從RD人員投入的專利產出效率來看，經濟發(fā)展水平較高、工業(yè)企業(yè)規(guī)模較大和產業(yè)集聚水平較高的東部省市，產出效率較高。從RD經費投入的直接經濟效益看，受RD經費投入來源、RD經費投入主體、RD經費支出結構、RD人力資本投入、地區(qū)經濟發(fā)展水平和經濟結構等因素的影響，產出效率波動頻繁，省際差異較大。 第六，從理論的角度分析不同區(qū)域和不同省市RD投入對地區(qū)經濟增長的作用，并進行實證檢驗。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我國東中西部RD投入與經濟增長呈現(xiàn)顯著正向變動關系，由此可知，我國RD投入?yún)^(qū)域差異明顯。即東部地區(qū)的RD投入較高，對經濟增長的影響也較大；中西部地區(qū)各省市RD投入相對較為集中，遠不及東部地區(qū)各省市的投入力度，對經濟增長的影響程度也相對較小，但隨著時間的推移，東中西部各省市RD投入均呈現(xiàn)不同程度的擴大，對經濟增長的影響也愈發(fā)顯著。全國及東中西三大區(qū)域RD投入對經濟增長均具有積極的推動作用，說明實施促進技術創(chuàng)新的政策對經濟增長是有利的。值得注意的是，從RD投入的回歸系數(shù)來看，目前我國RD投入所表征的科技創(chuàng)新對經濟增長的推動作用，在空間維度上主要表現(xiàn)為由東到西成梯度遞減的特征。 綜上所述，在我國RD經費投入強度越來越接近創(chuàng)新型國家水平時，省際RD投入表現(xiàn)出明顯的差別，不同省份受到諸多因素影響，產出效率也并不盡如人意。在促進RD經費投入，建設創(chuàng)新型國家的過程中，政府的作用不可小覷。在此過程中，政府應當明確其在RD活動中的定位，在保障RD投入產出外部環(huán)境的同時，充分發(fā)揮地區(qū)主導產業(yè)的優(yōu)勢作用，建立以科技含量較高的工業(yè)企業(yè)為主體的科技創(chuàng)新體系引領地區(qū)科技發(fā)展，進而引導發(fā)揮科技進步和科技創(chuàng)新對經濟增長的促進作用。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of globalization and knowledge economy, science and technology have become the main driving force of economic and social development. Regional competitiveness is more dependent on scientific and technological inventions in the region than at any time, imitating innovation, introducing and assimilating, absorbing and re innovating, as well as the transformation and application of Science and technology. The key factor of the strength of economic growth and the level of industrial development.RD input is the material basis and important premise of the progress of science and technology. It is the main motive force to promote the progress of science and technology, and is one of the indispensable factors of economic growth. Increasing the input of RD helps enterprises to gain the income of scale and contribute to the formation of the whole industry and industry. It helps transform the mode of economic growth and optimize the industrial structure, thereby promoting economic growth.
China has a vast territory, a large population, natural resources, factor endowment, infrastructure construction and different industrial policies in each region, which makes the RD input in various regions differ greatly, and the impact on economic growth is different. Based on this, the author takes "the inter provincial comparative study of R & D investment and its output efficiency in China" as the thesis topic and systematically combs. On the basis of relevant theories and research literature, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of RD input-output from different angles, and studies the difference of RD input-output efficiency and its influencing factors by means of econometric analysis, probes into the contribution of RD input to economic growth, and then puts forward specific suggestions to conform to China's actual practice.
First, review the evolution process of RD investment in China, grasp the overall situation of RD investment in China and the development and evolution of RD funds. It is found that the scale of RD investment in our country is expanding and approaching the level of the innovative country. The funds of RD in China mainly come from the enterprise funds and the government funds, and the experimental development research is the main body of the.RD activities. The RD funds of the enterprise mainly come from the capital of the enterprise to carry out the test development mainly. The RD funds of the R & D institutions are mainly from the government, the experimental development and the application research are equal. The higher schools mainly use the government funds and the enterprise funds, mainly carry out the application research and basic research. The RD expenditure of each executive body has a higher use. Similarity is mainly based on daily expenditure, and the distribution of.RD personnel is basically consistent with the distribution of RD funds.
Second, based on the analysis angle of RD input evolution in China, this paper makes a comparative study on the investment of RD funds and the input changes of RD personnel in different provinces and cities, and analyzes the differences between different provinces and cities on the input of RD. The research finds that the distribution of RD funds in China is extremely uneven, and the inter provincial difference of.RD is from the east to the east to the investment intensity of RD, and the investment intensity of RD is from the east to the East. The.RD funds of the Western gradient distribution are closely related to the economic development level, the economic structure, the dominant industry scale, the property right structure, the geographical position, the number of RD activities, and other factors. In particular, the RD funds in each region are mainly from the enterprises and the government, the second production is more developed and the natural resource endowments are higher. The capital investment of regional enterprises is more; the more centralized regional government funds are invested in the institutions of higher learning of scientific research institutions, and the proportion of foreign capital in the coastal areas with higher openness is very high.
Third, using the method of panel data measurement, this paper studies the difference of RD input and the main influence factors of RD input gap in different provinces and cities. It is found that the investment intensity of RD in China is influenced by many factors, and the difference of the role of different factors is great. Through calculation, it is known that the investment of our country's RD funds is mainly influenced by the government. The positive impact of the industrial structure. The level of economic development, the degree of economic openness, and the human capital input of RD all have a positive effect, but the effect is relatively weak. The results of the inter provincial regression show that the influence factors on the eastern and western regions are decreasing step by step, mainly in the eastern and western provinces and cities.
Fourth, a comparative analysis of the evolution of RD input-output in China and the differences between provinces and its inter provincial. It is found that the RD input-output results in China are increasing and the inter provincial difference is great. With the increase of RD input, the output of patent is increasing year by year, the utility model patents are the main, the appearance of the patent is second, the invention patent is the least, the overwhelming majority comes from the workers. The areas with higher patent output are mainly distributed in the eastern region, especially in the areas where industrial enterprises are more concentrated. From the view of technical income, the direct economic benefits of RD input-output in China are mainly distributed in two fields of technical development and technical service. From the view of intellectual property rights, the main distribution is technology secrets. In the field of technology, the field of intellectual property rights is not involved; in the field of technology, electronic information technology and advanced manufacturing technology are the main factors; from the socioeconomic goal, it is mainly used to promote the development of industry. It is worth noting that the direct economic benefit of RD input-output in our country is that the market transaction contracts of each province and city are different, and Beijing and Shanghai is the dominant.
Fifth, a comparative study is made on the evolution of RD input-output efficiency and the difference between provinces in China. It is found that the output efficiency of RD input in China fluctuates greatly, and the difference is very different between the provinces. From the efficiency of the paper output of RD funds, the more concentrated provinces and cities of R & D institutions and institutions of higher learning and basic research and Application Research The output efficiency of the provinces and cities of the main province is relatively high. From the efficiency of the patent output of RD, the provinces and cities and industrial enterprises with high level of economic development are invested in the eastern coastal provinces and cities with high experimental development, and the output efficiency is high. From the output efficiency of the RD personnel, the research and development institutions and the Beijing and Shanghai gathered by the universities and colleges. And other provinces and cities have higher output efficiency. From the efficiency of RD personnel, the efficiency of the eastern provinces and cities with higher economic development, larger industrial enterprises and higher industrial agglomeration level is higher. From the direct economic benefits of the investment of RD, the sources of RD funds, the main body of RD funds, the expenditure structure of RD, RD people With the influence of factors such as capital investment, regional economic development level and economic structure, output efficiency fluctuates frequently and inter provincial differences are large.
Sixth, analyze the role of RD input on regional economic growth in different regions and provinces and cities from the theoretical point of view, and carry out an empirical test. It is found that the RD input and economic growth in the eastern and western regions of our country have a significant positive change relationship. Therefore, it can be seen that the regional difference of RD input in China is obvious. That is, the RD input in the eastern region is higher and the economic growth is higher. The impact of RD on the central and western provinces and cities is relatively concentrated, far less than the investment in the eastern and western provinces and municipalities, and the degree of impact on economic growth is relatively small. However, with the passage of time, the input of RD in all provinces and cities in East and West has been enlarged, and the impact on economic growth is becoming more and more significant. The RD investment in the three East and west regions has an active role in promoting economic growth. It is pointed out that the policy of promoting technological innovation is beneficial to economic growth. It is worth noting that, from the regression coefficient of the input of RD, the role of scientific and technological innovation characterized by RD investment in China is mainly manifested in the spatial dimension. From the east to the west, the gradient is diminishing.
To sum up, when the investment intensity of RD is closer to the level of the innovative country, the inter provincial RD input shows obvious differences, the provinces are affected by many factors and the output efficiency is not satisfactory. In the process of promoting the investment of RD and building an innovative country, the role of the government can not be underestimated. The government should make clear its positioning in the RD activities, give full play to the dominant role of the regional leading industry while guaranteeing the external environment of RD input and output, and set up a scientific and technological innovation system with high technological content as the main body of industry leading the development of regional science and technology, and then guide the advancement of science and technology and the promotion of scientific and technological innovation to the economic growth. Effect.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F124.3;F124.1

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