本文選題：行業(yè)工資差距 + 泰爾指數(shù)��； 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革以來(lái)，我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距、地區(qū)收入差距、行業(yè)收入差距不斷擴(kuò)大，這種收入分配格局的變化與我國(guó)建設(shè)和諧社會(huì)的目標(biāo)是相違背的，引起了社會(huì)各界的廣泛關(guān)注，也成為理論界研究的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題之一。其中，對(duì)行業(yè)工資差距的研究大多數(shù)是定性研究，對(duì)行業(yè)工資差距的表現(xiàn)、原因、政策建議提出了較多的看法。而本文是以馬克思主義的勞動(dòng)價(jià)值理論為理論指導(dǎo)，把馬克思主義的工資理論貫穿于解釋和解決我國(guó)的行業(yè)工資差距問(wèn)題的始終，并運(yùn)用計(jì)量模型對(duì)理論解釋進(jìn)行實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)，實(shí)證結(jié)果與理論預(yù)期能夠基本保持一致。本文將驗(yàn)證馬克思主義的勞動(dòng)價(jià)值理論在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制轉(zhuǎn)型中的適用性，也為改革收入分配制度提供理論參考，具有一定的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 通過(guò)對(duì)古典、近代、現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的梳理、歸納、總結(jié)、比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)馬克思主義的勞動(dòng)價(jià)值理論在我國(guó)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中具有廣泛的現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，它是認(rèn)識(shí)、分析、解決我國(guó)行業(yè)工資差距的重要理論工具。根據(jù)馬克思主義的價(jià)值與價(jià)格、勞動(dòng)力價(jià)值與工資的辯證關(guān)系，行業(yè)工資是由勞動(dòng)力價(jià)值來(lái)決定的，而勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的波動(dòng)造成了工資對(duì)勞動(dòng)力價(jià)值的偏離。在完善、均衡的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)中，工資能正確反映勞動(dòng)力價(jià)值，此時(shí)出現(xiàn)的行業(yè)工資差距，按照馬克思主義的勞動(dòng)價(jià)值補(bǔ)償原則，是屬于合理的工資差距。但是在制度不完善、市場(chǎng)不均衡的條件下，工資不能正確反映勞動(dòng)力價(jià)值，，此時(shí)出現(xiàn)的行業(yè)工資差距是需要調(diào)節(jié)的。在我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制轉(zhuǎn)型過(guò)程中，制度約束、市場(chǎng)不均衡的情況時(shí)有發(fā)生，所以，正確區(qū)分行業(yè)工資差距的性質(zhì)，是我們正確制定政策的重要前提。通過(guò)計(jì)量模型對(duì)我國(guó)行業(yè)工資差距進(jìn)行的實(shí)證分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)行業(yè)工資差距中合理部分超過(guò)了需要調(diào)節(jié)部分，后者中最大的影響因素是行業(yè)壟斷。 行業(yè)工資差距的出現(xiàn)是我國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革中的必然結(jié)果，在本文的研究期內(nèi)（1978-2010年），行業(yè)工資結(jié)構(gòu)變化明顯，行業(yè)工資分布的離散程度擴(kuò)大，運(yùn)用行業(yè)大類數(shù)據(jù)所計(jì)算出來(lái)的基尼系數(shù)、泰爾指數(shù)都是在波動(dòng)中不斷增加，泰爾指數(shù)的分解結(jié)果表明產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)部的工資差距是行業(yè)工資差距不斷擴(kuò)大的主要原因。 行業(yè)工資差距的不斷擴(kuò)大對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展會(huì)產(chǎn)生不少影響。它可以通過(guò)消費(fèi)和投資間接影響經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，行業(yè)工資差距的擴(kuò)大不利于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)；它可以通過(guò)要素供給結(jié)構(gòu)和產(chǎn)品需求結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)影響產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，行業(yè)工資差距的擴(kuò)大不利于產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化升級(jí)；它可以直接影響就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以通過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)影響就業(yè)總量。通過(guò)對(duì)我國(guó)實(shí)際情況的分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)行業(yè)工資差距與消費(fèi)、投資、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、就業(yè)之間存在顯著的相互關(guān)系；利用聯(lián)立方程組模型，發(fā)現(xiàn)行業(yè)工資差距與消費(fèi)和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)之間有正向關(guān)系，與投資之間有負(fù)向關(guān)系。 對(duì)初次分配中產(chǎn)生的合理工資差距應(yīng)積極鼓勵(lì)，引入技術(shù)進(jìn)步，提高行業(yè)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)效率，鼓勵(lì)教育投入，提高行業(yè)人力資本。對(duì)制度約束和市場(chǎng)不均衡形成的行業(yè)工資差距進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)，完善各類市場(chǎng)，打破行業(yè)壟斷，根據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)方向和FDI的行業(yè)布局，調(diào)整勞動(dòng)力的就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和行業(yè)分布。運(yùn)用再次分配中的稅收制度、社會(huì)保障制度實(shí)現(xiàn)公平性的工資調(diào)節(jié)。
[Abstract]:Since the reform of the market economy system, the income gap between urban and rural areas, the income gap of the region and the income gap of the industry are expanding. The change of the income distribution pattern is contrary to the goal of building a harmonious society in our country. It has aroused wide attention from all walks of life and has become one of the hot issues in the theoretical circles. Most of the studies are qualitative research, which put forward more views on the performance, reasons and policy recommendations of the wage gap in the industry. This article is guided by the theory of Marx's labor value theory, and runs through the Marx doctrine of wage theory to explain and solve the problem of the wage gap in our country, and uses the measurement model. The empirical results can be basically consistent with the theoretical expectation. This paper will verify the applicability of Marx's theory of labor value in the transformation of the market economy system, and also provide theoretical reference for the reform of the income distribution system, which is of certain theoretical and practical significance.
By combing, summarizing, summarizing, comparing and comparing the classical, modern and modern economics, it is found that the Marx doctrine of labor value theory has a broad realistic basis in our socialist market economy. It is an important theoretical tool for understanding, analyzing and solving the wage gap in our country. According to the value and price of Marx doctrine, labor price The dialectical relationship between value and wage is determined by the value of the labor force, and the fluctuation of the labor market causes the deviation of the wages to the value of the labor force. In the perfect and balanced labor market, wages can correctly reflect the value of the labor force. At this time the gap in industry and capital appears to be compensated according to the labor value of Marx doctrine. However, it is a reasonable wage gap, but in the condition of imperfect system and unbalance of the market, wages can not correctly reflect the value of labor, and the wage gap in the industry needs to be adjusted. In the process of economic system transformation in China, the situation of institutional constraints and uneven market balance occurs, so it is correct to distinguish the wages of the industry. The nature of the gap is an important prerequisite for the correct policy formulation. Through the empirical analysis of the wage gap in China's industry, it is found that the reasonable part of the wage gap in the industry exceeds the need to adjust, and the most influential factor in the latter is the industry monopoly.
The emergence of the wage gap in the industry is the inevitable result of the reform of the market economy system in China. In the period of the study (1978-2010 years), the wage structure of the industry has changed obviously, the distribution of wages in the industry is expanded, and the Gini coefficient, calculated by the data of the industry, is increasing in the fluctuation and the Tel index. The decomposition results show that the wage gap within the industry is the main reason for the widening of the wage gap in the industry.
The expansion of the wage gap in the industry will have a lot of impact on the economic and social development. It can indirectly affect the economic growth through consumption and investment. The expansion of the wage gap in the industry is not conducive to economic growth; it can affect the production structure through the structure of the supply of factors and the structure of product demand, and the expansion of the wage gap in the industry is unfavorable to the growth of the industry. The optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure can affect the employment structure directly, and can also affect the total employment through economic growth. Through the analysis of the actual situation in China, it is found that there is a significant relationship between the wage gap in the industry and consumption, investment, economic growth, industrial structure and employment, and the industry workers are found by using the model of the simultaneous equations. There is a positive relationship between capital gap and consumption and economic growth, and there is a negative relationship between investment disparity and investment.
We should actively encourage the reasonable wage gap in the initial distribution, introduce technological progress, improve the efficiency of labor production, encourage the investment of education and improve the human capital of the industry, adjust the wage gap formed by the system constraint and the unbalance of the market, perfect the various kinds of market, break the industry monopoly, and upgrade the direction of the industrial structure and the direction of the industrial structure. FDI industry layout, the adjustment of labor employment structure and industry distribution, the use of the redistribution of the tax system, the social security system to achieve fair wage adjustment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7

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