發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-12 15:55

  本文選題：集聚性 + 形成機(jī)制　； 參考：《江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的深入,產(chǎn)業(yè)的集聚性越來越顯著。產(chǎn)業(yè)的集聚性極大地促進(jìn)了科技的創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,提升了產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,產(chǎn)生了經(jīng)濟(jì)的集聚性,并帶來了區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展。18世紀(jì)中葉至今,經(jīng)濟(jì)的集聚性越來越受到人們的關(guān)注和研究,經(jīng)濟(jì)的集聚性是工業(yè)化時(shí)代經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一種形態(tài),對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的促進(jìn)作用顯而易見。然而,作為生產(chǎn)過程中的“壞”產(chǎn)出——環(huán)境污染,始終伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生。近年來,在我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展取得了豐碩成果的同時(shí),也加速了污染的集聚態(tài)勢(shì)。因此,經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚性與污染集聚性之間似乎存在著密切的關(guān)系,這值得研究者們深入且全面地分析和研究。本文將從集聚的形成機(jī)制、集聚度的測(cè)算、集聚的現(xiàn)狀和趨勢(shì)以及影響集聚性的因素等方面展開論述。 本文基于大量關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚性的文獻(xiàn)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚性的產(chǎn)生需要一定的先決條件,即優(yōu)勢(shì)區(qū)域比其他區(qū)域擁有更多優(yōu)先發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì),比如政策優(yōu)勢(shì)、地理優(yōu)勢(shì)等,使得集聚收益遠(yuǎn)大于集聚成本而推動(dòng)該區(qū)域形成集聚。通過建立系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,定性地分析經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚的形成機(jī)制,即具備先決條件的優(yōu)勢(shì)區(qū)域吸引了其他區(qū)域的要素而進(jìn)入良性循環(huán),其經(jīng)濟(jì)總量越來越大,技術(shù)水平越來越高,對(duì)其他區(qū)域的溢出效應(yīng)也逐漸增強(qiáng)。由于技術(shù)溢出能夠帶動(dòng)部分產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移,從而促使其他區(qū)域也開始形成經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚,使得兩區(qū)域間差距不斷縮小,最終達(dá)到同一水平。但是,一旦考慮生產(chǎn)過程中不可避免的環(huán)境污染時(shí),污染集聚性則對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚性產(chǎn)生了明顯的削弱作用,具體而言,污染的集聚造成了人類生存環(huán)境的破壞而導(dǎo)致部分勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移,從而影響了生產(chǎn)力水平和投資環(huán)境,那么優(yōu)勢(shì)區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚性會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)移到其他區(qū)域而出現(xiàn)衰退跡象,受到影響的其他區(qū)域也將步入優(yōu)勢(shì)區(qū)域的后塵,最終將可能導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的后果。為了有效地控制污染集聚性,研究中分析了影響污染集聚性的重要因素,分別是：勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量、FDI、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、能源消費(fèi)量、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、城市化率和綠化面積。 在我國,依托改革開放的政策和沿海地區(qū)交通運(yùn)輸、貿(mào)易便利等優(yōu)勢(shì),長三角、珠三角和京津冀等經(jīng)濟(jì)圈迅速興起,發(fā)展勢(shì)頭良好。在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí),環(huán)境問題也日益突出,逐漸形成了污染的集聚。為了更直觀地分析經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚性和污染集聚性,研究中引入了Herfindahl指數(shù)、Gini指數(shù)、趨同理論和地理集中度指數(shù)共同分析經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚度和污染集聚度。結(jié)果表明：2000—2011年,我國經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚性和污染集聚性在整體上呈現(xiàn)弱集聚現(xiàn)象但局部存在較強(qiáng)的集聚性,污染的集聚是由經(jīng)濟(jì)的集聚帶動(dòng),并隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚度呈先升后降的態(tài)勢(shì)；未來我國將進(jìn)入均衡發(fā)展時(shí)期,地區(qū)間差距將縮小,并最終達(dá)到同一水平,經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚性將不復(fù)存在,而污染將保持一定的集聚性；東部地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚性和污染集聚性與全國的變化趨勢(shì)類似,中部地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚性和污染集聚性都將不存在,西部地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚性將不存在,但污染將存在一定的集聚性；目前,北京、天津、上海和江蘇的經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚度和污染集聚度位居前列,新疆和青海排名最后。在測(cè)算過程中還發(fā)現(xiàn),不同的集聚度的測(cè)算方法各有優(yōu)劣,四種方法共同論述了我國經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚性和污染集聚性的現(xiàn)狀和未來趨勢(shì)。此外,根據(jù)相關(guān)性分析方法的結(jié)論再一次說明經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚性與污染集聚性呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,污染集聚性是由經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚性帶動(dòng)的。 由污染集聚性的空間自相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)可知,污染集聚性受到空間區(qū)位的影響,故研究中采用空間誤差模型以定量地分析影響污染集聚性的因素。經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚性是引起污染集聚性的首要決定因素；能源消費(fèi)、城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程、外商直接投資都會(huì)顯著地促進(jìn)污染的集聚；技術(shù)創(chuàng)新則明顯地阻礙了污染的集聚；產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)污染集聚的作用不顯著；人口的高集聚性則未必會(huì)引起污染的高集聚性,如我國的上海和北京等發(fā)達(dá)城市,盡管人口密度很大,但是由于污染處理及時(shí)得力而未引起污染的迅速集聚。最后,根據(jù)結(jié)論提出政策建議,分別是：適當(dāng)放緩經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度,保證經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展質(zhì)量；提高能源利用率,探索可替代的新能源；轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式,優(yōu)化升級(jí)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)；加強(qiáng)環(huán)保知識(shí)宣傳,增強(qiáng)環(huán)保意識(shí)；控制城市化進(jìn)程,保證耕地面積18億畝紅線；擴(kuò)大綠化面積,提高環(huán)境投入；有效地引入外資,鼓勵(lì)民營資本進(jìn)入,提高自主創(chuàng)新能力；發(fā)揮政府引導(dǎo)作用,統(tǒng)籌兼顧全局,保持一定的污染集聚性。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the industrialization process , the agglomeration of the industry is becoming more and more remarkable . The agglomeration of the industry has greatly promoted the innovation of science and technology and the development of the industry , promoted the industrial competitiveness , and brought about the rapid development of the regional economy .

Based on a large number of literature studies on economic agglomeration , this paper finds that the emergence of economic agglomeration requires a certain precondition , that is , the advantage region has more preferential development opportunities than other regions , such as policy advantage , geographical advantage and so on .

In China , relying on the policies of reform and opening up and the advantages of transportation and trade facilitation in the coastal areas , the economic circles such as the Yangtze River Delta , the Pearl River Delta and the Beijing - Tianjin - Hebei region are booming , and the development momentum is good . At the same time , the environmental problems are becoming more and more prominent in the economic development .
in that future , China will enter a period of equilibrium development , the gap between the regions will be narrow , and the same level will eventually be reached , and the economic agglomeration will not exist , and the pollution will maintain a certain concentration ;
The economic agglomeration and the pollution accumulation in the eastern region are similar to those of the whole country . The economic agglomeration and the pollution agglomeration of the central region will not exist , and the economic agglomeration of the western region will not exist , but the pollution will have certain concentration .
At present , the economic agglomeration degree and the pollution concentration degree of Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai and Jiangsu ranked the top , Xinjiang and Qinghai ranked the last . In the calculation process , it is also found that the methods of calculating different clustering degree are superior and inferior , and the four methods discuss the present situation and future trend of economic agglomeration and pollution agglomeration in China . In addition , according to the conclusion of the correlation analysis method , the positive correlation between economic agglomeration and pollution concentration is explained again , and the pollution agglomeration is driven by economic agglomeration .

The spatial error model is used to quantitatively analyze the factors that influence the concentration of pollution . Economic agglomeration is the primary determinant of pollution agglomeration .
The energy consumption , the urbanization process and the foreign direct investment can obviously promote the accumulation of pollution ;
Technological innovation significantly impedes the accumulation of pollution ;
The effect of industrial structure on the concentration of pollution is not significant ;
The high concentration of the population may not necessarily lead to the high concentration of pollution , such as the Shanghai and Beijing - developed cities in China , although the population density is large , but the pollution treatment is timely and without causing rapid agglomeration of pollution . Finally , according to the conclusion , the policy suggestions are put forward , namely , appropriate slowdown of economic growth rate and guarantee the quality of economic development ;
improving energy utilization ratio and exploring alternative new energy sources ;
Change the way of economic development , optimize the upgrading of industrial structure ;
Strengthen the publicity of environmental protection knowledge and enhance the awareness of environmental protection ;
the urbanization process is controlled to ensure that the cultivated land occupies an area of 18 billion mu of red line ;
enlarging the green area and improving the environmental input ;
effectively introduce foreign capital , encourage private capital to enter and improve independent innovation ability ;
Give full play to the government ' s guiding role , make overall consideration to the whole , maintain a certain degree of pollution agglomeration .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X22;F124;F224

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

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2 周慧;曹廣喜;;經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的空間計(jì)量分析——來自江蘇的證據(jù)[J];當(dāng)代財(cái)經(jīng);2010年09期

3 蘇h椒，

本文編號(hào)：1740409