本文選題：土地財政　切入點：城鄉(xiāng)收入差距　出處：《湘潭大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：自2000年以來,我國土地財政規(guī)模迅速擴大,巨額的土地財政收入大部分被用于城市建設(shè)及招商引資競爭中,表現(xiàn)出顯著的城市偏向性。伴隨著土地財政規(guī)模的日益壯大,我國當前城鄉(xiāng)收入差距也呈不斷擴大趨勢,如果將住房、醫(yī)療、教育等公共產(chǎn)品考慮進去,實際城鄉(xiāng)收入差距還會更大。土地財政具有顯著的城市偏向性是我國城鎮(zhèn)化過程中城鄉(xiāng)收入差距快速拉大的重要原因,但鮮有文獻對土地財政與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的關(guān)系進行系統(tǒng)研究,因此,對兩者的關(guān)系進行系統(tǒng)研究,對于解決我國現(xiàn)階段的土地財政問題,縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距具有重要意義。本文在當前我國土地財政規(guī)模日益擴大的背景下,分析土地財政的壯大與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的擴大兩者之間存在的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。在理論部分,本文基于土地財政與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的動態(tài)相關(guān)特征,研究土地財政對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入的影響,分別從土地財政產(chǎn)生的原因、效應(yīng)及與地方政府之間的關(guān)系三個方面進行了系統(tǒng)梳理,基于城鎮(zhèn)化與土地財政城市偏向特征關(guān)聯(lián)性,從土地交易市場、房地產(chǎn)市場、政府視角三個維度對土地財政與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響機理進行分析。在實證部分,先對土地財政和城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的歷史演變與區(qū)域?qū)Ρ冗M行分析,然后選取2000-2014年全國31個省(自治區(qū)、直轄市)作為樣本,通過構(gòu)建省級面板數(shù)據(jù)回歸模型定量分析土地財政對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響程度。實證結(jié)果分析表明:土地財政對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響是正向的,即隨著土地財政規(guī)模的發(fā)展,城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距不斷擴大,地方政府快速推進城鎮(zhèn)化導致的土地財政城市偏向特征使得城鄉(xiāng)居民收入水平差距逐步拉大,土地財政與基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資交互項顯著為負,表明土地財政通過基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)可以縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距。分地區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)實證揭示,土地財政對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的正向促進關(guān)系呈現(xiàn)顯著的區(qū)域異質(zhì)性,東部地區(qū)土地財政對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的擴大效應(yīng)小于中部地區(qū),西部地區(qū)效果不顯著,導致中部地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距過大的原因除土地財政外投資水平的高低和人力資本的差異也是拉大城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的重要因素,且人力資本的城鄉(xiāng)差異在中部地區(qū)影響最大。最后從解決土地財政城市偏向性特征的角度提出緩解各地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的相關(guān)政策建議。
[Abstract]:Since 2000, the scale of land finance in our country has expanded rapidly, and the huge revenue of land finance is mostly used in the competition of city construction and attracting investment, which shows remarkable urban bias. With the development of the scale of land finance, the scale of land finance is expanding day by day. The current income gap between urban and rural areas in China is also increasing. If we take housing, health care, education and other public goods into account, The real urban-rural income gap will be even larger. The significant urban bias of land finance is an important reason for the rapid widening of urban-rural income gap in the process of urbanization in China. However, there are few literatures on the relationship between land finance and income gap between urban and rural areas. Therefore, a systematic study on the relationship between land finance and income gap between urban and rural areas has been carried out to solve the problems of land finance at the present stage of our country. It is of great significance to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. Under the background of the increasing scale of land finance in China, this paper analyzes the internal relationship between the expansion of land finance and the widening of income gap between urban and rural areas. Based on the dynamic correlation between land finance and urban-rural income gap, this paper studies the impact of land finance on urban and rural residents' income. Based on the relationship between urbanization and land finance city bias, the relationship between land transaction market and real estate market is analyzed. In the empirical part, the author analyzes the historical evolution and regional comparison of land finance and urban-rural income gap. Then from 2000 to 2014, 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government) were selected as samples, Through the construction of provincial panel data regression model to quantitatively analyze the impact of land finance on urban-rural income gap. The empirical results show that: the impact of land finance on urban-rural income gap is positive, that is, with the development of land finance scale. The income gap between urban and rural residents continues to expand, the local governments rapidly promote urbanization resulting in the characteristics of land finance city bias, the income level gap between urban and rural residents is gradually widening, and the interaction between land finance and infrastructure investment is significantly negative. It shows that land finance can narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents through infrastructure construction. The data from different regions reveal that the positive promoting relationship of land finance to urban-rural income gap shows significant regional heterogeneity. The effect of land finance on urban-rural income gap in the eastern region is smaller than that in the central region, but the effect in the western region is not significant. In addition to the land finance, the level of investment and the difference in human capital are also important factors in widening the urban-rural income gap. The difference of human capital between urban and rural areas is the most important in the central region. Finally, from the perspective of solving the urban bias characteristics of land finance, the paper puts forward some relevant policy suggestions to alleviate the urban-rural income gap in various regions.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F124.7;F812

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