本文關(guān)鍵詞： 民主德國(guó) 計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì) 經(jīng)濟(jì)改革 政治經(jīng)濟(jì) 經(jīng)濟(jì)政治　出處：《學(xué)術(shù)界》2017年08期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：民主德國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)失敗只能在相對(duì)意義上才能站得住腳,相對(duì)于西方國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì),主要是聯(lián)邦德國(guó)。正是由于經(jīng)互會(huì)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)在世界范圍內(nèi)的整體劣勢(shì),使得其中的佼佼者面對(duì)聯(lián)邦德國(guó)才顯出失敗的態(tài)勢(shì)。這個(gè)態(tài)勢(shì)不能籠統(tǒng)歸于計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制本身,而是由內(nèi)外部多方面原因?qū)е�。�?nèi)部原因主要在于政治因素對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的絕對(duì)主導(dǎo),以致出于意識(shí)形態(tài)緣故而不惜違背經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律,使得計(jì)劃完全脫離市場(chǎng),成了不顧事實(shí)的主觀任意行為;外部原因主要是蘇聯(lián)的控制和整個(gè)經(jīng)互會(huì)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的不景氣。前者使得其無(wú)法從民族經(jīng)濟(jì)利益角度去看待經(jīng)濟(jì)問題,后者使得其外貿(mào)強(qiáng)項(xiàng)的實(shí)際經(jīng)濟(jì)值大幅下降。所以,民主德國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在與聯(lián)邦德國(guó)的同比中最終被舍棄,不能簡(jiǎn)單歸于計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制本身,它與多方面因素相關(guān)。計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制并不是命里注定要失敗的,就像市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制并不是命里注定會(huì)成功的一樣,關(guān)鍵在如何計(jì)劃和如何市場(chǎng)。
[Abstract]:The economic failure of the GDR can only be sustained in a relative sense. Compared with the economies of Western countries, mainly the Federal Republic of Germany, it is precisely because of the overall disadvantages of the economies of the EEC countries in the world. This situation cannot be attributed to the planned economic system itself, but is caused by various internal and external reasons. The internal reason lies mainly in the absolute dominance of the political factors over the economy. To the extent that ideological reasons and do not hesitate to violate economic laws, so that the plan completely out of the market, has become a subjective arbitrary act regardless of the facts; The external reasons are mainly the control of the Soviet Union and the economic depression of the entire economic exchange country. The former makes it unable to look at economic problems from the perspective of the national economic interests, and the latter causes the real economic value of its foreign trade strength to decline substantially. The fact that the GDR economy was ultimately abandoned in the same year as the Federal Republic of Germany cannot simply be attributed to the planned economic system itself, which is related to many factors. The planned economy is not doomed to failure. Just as a market economy is not destined to succeed, the key is how to plan and how to market.
【作者單位】： 華東理工大學(xué)德語(yǔ)國(guó)家研究中心;
【基金】：國(guó)家社科基金項(xiàng)目“戰(zhàn)后德國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì),社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)和階級(jí)構(gòu)成的變化研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):09BSS016)的階段性成果
【分類號(hào)】：F119;K516.5
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本文編號(hào)：1550505