本文關(guān)鍵詞： 民主德國 計劃經(jīng)濟 經(jīng)濟改革 政治經(jīng)濟 經(jīng)濟政治　出處：《學(xué)術(shù)界》2017年08期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：民主德國經(jīng)濟失敗只能在相對意義上才能站得住腳,相對于西方國家經(jīng)濟,主要是聯(lián)邦德國。正是由于經(jīng)互會國家經(jīng)濟在世界范圍內(nèi)的整體劣勢,使得其中的佼佼者面對聯(lián)邦德國才顯出失敗的態(tài)勢。這個態(tài)勢不能籠統(tǒng)歸于計劃經(jīng)濟體制本身,而是由內(nèi)外部多方面原因?qū)е�。�?nèi)部原因主要在于政治因素對經(jīng)濟的絕對主導(dǎo),以致出于意識形態(tài)緣故而不惜違背經(jīng)濟規(guī)律,使得計劃完全脫離市場,成了不顧事實的主觀任意行為;外部原因主要是蘇聯(lián)的控制和整個經(jīng)互會國家經(jīng)濟的不景氣。前者使得其無法從民族經(jīng)濟利益角度去看待經(jīng)濟問題,后者使得其外貿(mào)強項的實際經(jīng)濟值大幅下降。所以,民主德國經(jīng)濟在與聯(lián)邦德國的同比中最終被舍棄,不能簡單歸于計劃經(jīng)濟體制本身,它與多方面因素相關(guān)。計劃經(jīng)濟體制并不是命里注定要失敗的,就像市場經(jīng)濟體制并不是命里注定會成功的一樣,關(guān)鍵在如何計劃和如何市場。
[Abstract]:The economic failure of the GDR can only be sustained in a relative sense. Compared with the economies of Western countries, mainly the Federal Republic of Germany, it is precisely because of the overall disadvantages of the economies of the EEC countries in the world. This situation cannot be attributed to the planned economic system itself, but is caused by various internal and external reasons. The internal reason lies mainly in the absolute dominance of the political factors over the economy. To the extent that ideological reasons and do not hesitate to violate economic laws, so that the plan completely out of the market, has become a subjective arbitrary act regardless of the facts; The external reasons are mainly the control of the Soviet Union and the economic depression of the entire economic exchange country. The former makes it unable to look at economic problems from the perspective of the national economic interests, and the latter causes the real economic value of its foreign trade strength to decline substantially. The fact that the GDR economy was ultimately abandoned in the same year as the Federal Republic of Germany cannot simply be attributed to the planned economic system itself, which is related to many factors. The planned economy is not doomed to failure. Just as a market economy is not destined to succeed, the key is how to plan and how to market.
【作者單位】： 華東理工大學(xué)德語國家研究中心;
【基金】：國家社科基金項目“戰(zhàn)后德國經(jīng)濟,社會結(jié)構(gòu)和階級構(gòu)成的變化研究”(批準(zhǔn)號:09BSS016)的階段性成果
【分類號】：F119;K516.5
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本文編號：1550505