發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-28 23:22

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 馬克思 李嘉圖 收入分配 比較分析　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：收入分配一直是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)注的一個(gè)重要問題,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們基于各自的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益和階級(jí)利益,并在前經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的基礎(chǔ)上,形成了自己的收入分配理論。本文系統(tǒng)地介紹了收入分配理論的歷史演進(jìn):古典政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的收入分配理論、庸俗資產(chǎn)階級(jí)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的收入分配理論、馬克思的收入分配理論和現(xiàn)代西方的收入分配理論,揭示了馬克思的收入分配理論是在對(duì)古典政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家尤其是李嘉圖的收入分配理論進(jìn)行批判繼承的基礎(chǔ)上建立起來的,并從時(shí)代背景、理論基礎(chǔ)、主要內(nèi)容和研究方法四個(gè)方面分別闡述了二者的收入分配理論。本文采用文獻(xiàn)研究法、分析歸納法、比較分析法探討了馬克思與李嘉圖的收入分配理論,通過對(duì)二者收入分配理論的比較,分析了二者收入分配理論的聯(lián)系與區(qū)別,指出了李嘉圖收入分配理論的進(jìn)步性和局限性,而馬克思的收入分配理論更具有合理性和科學(xué)性。李嘉圖的收入分配理論中相對(duì)工資的提出有其合理和進(jìn)步的成分,并由此揭示出資本主義社會(huì)中三大階級(jí)的對(duì)立,但是他的局限性體現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為工人實(shí)際工資下降是由于人口的增長(zhǎng);同時(shí),李嘉圖明確指出了地租(級(jí)差地租)是價(jià)格的結(jié)果而不是原因,這是他對(duì)地租理論的重要貢獻(xiàn),然而由于他混淆了自然價(jià)格和價(jià)值,因此就只承認(rèn)級(jí)差地租的存在而否認(rèn)了絕對(duì)地租的存在,這使他的地租理論陷入困境,從而使他的收入分配理論出現(xiàn)缺陷。而馬克思的收入分配理論公開地揭示了:以曖昧形式存在于古典政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的利潤等收入范疇是對(duì)勞動(dòng)產(chǎn)品的一種扣除,具有“剩余”占有的性質(zhì),即剩余價(jià)值,同時(shí)克服了李嘉圖收入分配理論的缺陷,實(shí)現(xiàn)了分配與價(jià)值之間決定機(jī)制的邏輯對(duì)應(yīng)性,揭示了分配過程中所體現(xiàn)出來的剝削關(guān)系以及由此引起的階級(jí)利益沖突。通過分析得知馬克思的收入分配理論較李嘉圖的收入分配理論有以下科學(xué)性:(1)解釋了資本主義分配的本質(zhì),即資本家占有勞動(dòng)者創(chuàng)造的剩余價(jià)值;(2)用聯(lián)系發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)論述了收入分配的發(fā)展趨勢(shì);(3)準(zhǔn)確地提出了分配發(fā)展的一般規(guī)律,具有較為完整的理論體系。本文結(jié)合我國當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的背景,對(duì)馬克思收入分配理論在當(dāng)代我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展進(jìn)程中的理論意義和實(shí)踐價(jià)值進(jìn)行深入探討,并對(duì)當(dāng)前我國收入分配制度改革中的問題及原因進(jìn)行深入分析,最后提出有針對(duì)性的建議:(1)堅(jiān)持以人為本的原則;(2)優(yōu)化所有制結(jié)構(gòu);(3)提高勞動(dòng)者報(bào)酬在國民收入中的比重;(4)理清收入分配關(guān)系并規(guī)范收入分配秩序;(5)強(qiáng)化政府在再分配中的作用。
[Abstract]:Income distribution has always been an important concern for economists, based on their respective economic interests and class interests, and on the basis of former economists. This paper systematically introduces the historical evolution of income distribution theory: the income distribution theory of classical political economy, the income distribution theory of vulgar bourgeois political economy, the income distribution theory of vulgar bourgeois political economy, Marx's theory of income distribution and modern western theory of income distribution reveal that Marx's theory of income distribution was established on the basis of criticizing and inheriting the theory of income distribution of classical political economists, especially Ricardo. And from the background of the times, the theoretical basis, the main content and the research methods of income distribution theory, respectively. This paper probes into the income distribution theory of Marx and Ricardo through the comparison of their income distribution theory, analyzes the relation and difference between them, and points out the progressive nature and limitation of Ricardo's income distribution theory. However, Marx's theory of income distribution is more reasonable and scientific. There is a reasonable and progressive element in Ricardo's theory of income distribution, which reveals the opposition of three classes in capitalist society. But his limitation was that he believed that the decline in real wages of workers was due to the growth of the population. At the same time, Ricardo clearly pointed out that government rent (differential rent) was the result of price rather than the cause, which was his important contribution to the theory of land rent. However, because he confused the natural price with the value, he only admitted the existence of differential rent and denied the existence of absolute land rent, which caused his theory of land rent to fall into a dilemma. Marx's theory of income distribution openly reveals that income categories such as profits, which exist in the form of ambiguity in classical political economy, are deductions from labor products. It has the nature of "surplus" possession, that is, surplus value, and overcomes the defects of Ricardo's theory of income distribution, and realizes the logical correspondence of the determining mechanism between distribution and value. This paper reveals the exploitative relationship embodied in the distribution process and the class interest conflict caused by it. Through analysis, it is found that Marx's income distribution theory is more scientific than Ricardo's. The essence of the doctrine of distribution, That is, the capitalists occupy the surplus value created by the laborer. (2) the paper discusses the development trend of the income distribution with the viewpoint of the relation development) and puts forward the general law of the distribution development accurately. This paper discusses the theoretical significance and practical value of Marx's income distribution theory in the process of economic and social development in contemporary China, combining with the background of China's current economic system reform. The problems and reasons in the current reform of income distribution system in China are also analyzed. Finally, the following suggestions are put forward: 1) stick to the principle of "people-oriented" 2) optimize the ownership structure 3) increase the proportion of workers' remuneration in national income 4) clarify the relationship of income distribution and standardize the order of income distribution 5) strengthen the government. The role of redistribution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7
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本文編號(hào)：1549424