本文關(guān)鍵詞： 馬來西亞 族群關(guān)系 “分而治之”政策 “5·13”事件 新經(jīng)濟政策　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：族群問題對于一國的發(fā)展來說至關(guān)重要,族群之間相處的和諧與否,決定著該國能否屹立于世界強國之列。作為一個多元族群國家,馬來西亞的族群關(guān)系有著其特殊性。獨立之初,馬來(西)亞沒有一個族群在數(shù)量上占絕對性優(yōu)勢,并且各族群在政治、經(jīng)濟及文化等領(lǐng)域的差異較大,發(fā)展極不平衡。隨著國家政權(quán)的建立及穩(wěn)固,族群之間的矛盾并沒有得到妥善處理。相反,各族群在經(jīng)濟資源以及文化和政治權(quán)利等方面的競爭卻日益激烈,最終釀成了馬來西亞歷史上有名的“5·13”族群暴力事件。馬來西亞政府認(rèn)為,此次沖突主要是由族群間的經(jīng)濟差距造成的,并于上個世紀(jì)70年代著手實施了新經(jīng)濟政策,大刀闊斧的進行各項政策的改革與調(diào)整。 本文以新經(jīng)濟政策為主線,探討了獨立前夕以及建國之后,馬來(西)亞族群關(guān)系的發(fā)展演變過程,重點分析了新經(jīng)濟政策的實施及其對族群關(guān)系發(fā)展演變所產(chǎn)生的影響。本文把政府各項政策的實行和族群關(guān)系的演變兩方面緊密地聯(lián)系起來,以全面深入地揭示馬來西亞族群狀況形成和演變的深刻原因。具體來說,第一章探討了新經(jīng)濟政策前馬來(西)亞族群關(guān)系的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及其形成原因；第二章主要講述新經(jīng)濟政策的實施內(nèi)容,以及80年代后期政府對新經(jīng)濟政策進行的相關(guān)調(diào)整。最后對新經(jīng)濟政策的實施做出評價；第三章分析了新經(jīng)濟政策對馬來西亞族群關(guān)系的演變所起到的作用和影響；第四章簡要闡述了新經(jīng)濟政策之后,本文對馬來西亞族群關(guān)系發(fā)展?fàn)顩r的反思。同時,本文也對馬來西亞國族打造方面進行了初步探討,并提出相應(yīng)的解決方案。 族群沖突是馬來西亞乃至當(dāng)今世界許多國家所面臨的棘手問題,各族群之間為了爭奪資源、維護自身利益不惜采取暴力、戰(zhàn)爭的手段。在當(dāng)今世界,如何謀求族群間的合作、雙贏以及實現(xiàn)共同的發(fā)展已顯得愈發(fā)重要。研究馬來西亞的族群政策和族群關(guān)系演變的歷程,可以為其他處于族群問題困擾下的國家提供寶貴的經(jīng)驗。
[Abstract]:The issue of ethnic groups is crucial to the development of a country. The harmony between ethnic groups determines whether the country can stand among the world powers. As a pluralistic nation, The ethnic relations in Malaysia have their own particularities. At the beginning of independence, none of Malaysia's ethnic groups had an absolute advantage in terms of numbers, and there were significant differences among the ethnic groups in political, economic and cultural fields. Development is extremely uneven. With the establishment and consolidation of state power, the contradictions between ethnic groups have not been properly dealt with. On the contrary, competition among ethnic groups over economic resources and cultural and political rights has become increasingly fierce, It turned out to be the famous "May 13" ethnic violence in Malaysia's history. The Malaysian government believed that the conflict was mainly caused by economic disparities among ethnic groups, and in -30s began to implement a new economic policy. The reform and adjustment of various policies were carried out in a drastic manner. Taking the new economic policy as the main line, this paper probes into the development and evolution of the inter-ethnic relations in Malaysia (West) on the eve of independence and after the founding of the people's Republic of China. The implementation of the new economic policy and its influence on the development and evolution of ethnic group relations are analyzed in this paper. The implementation of various government policies and the evolution of ethnic relations are closely linked together in this paper. The first chapter discusses the development of Malay (Western) sub-ethnic relations before the new economic policy and the reasons for its formation. The second chapter mainly describes the implementation of the new economic policy, as well as the late 80s government on the new economic policy adjustment. Finally, the implementation of the new economic policy evaluation; The third chapter analyzes the role and influence of the new economic policy on the evolution of ethnic relations in Malaysia. Chapter 4th gives a brief description of the new economic policy, and reflects on the development of ethnic relations in Malaysia. This paper also makes a preliminary discussion on the ethnic group building in Malaysia, and puts forward corresponding solutions. Ethnic conflict is a thorny problem facing Malaysia and even many countries in the world today. In order to fight for resources and defend their own interests, ethnic groups do not hesitate to resort to violence and war. In today's world, how to seek inter-ethnic cooperation, The study of Malaysia's ethnic policy and the evolution of ethnic relations can provide valuable experience for other countries that are beset by ethnic problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F133.8

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