本文關(guān)鍵詞： 勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng) 區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差距 影響因素　出處：《新疆大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：改革開放后隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的改革以及對流動(dòng)勞動(dòng)力管制的逐步放寬,我國掀起了勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)熱潮,勞動(dòng)力主要由中、西及東北欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)流動(dòng)至東部發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū),促使我國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差距逐步擴(kuò)大,為了應(yīng)對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的不平衡性,國家出臺(tái)“西部大開發(fā)”、“中部崛起”、“振興東北老工業(yè)基地”、“對口援疆”等相應(yīng)政策支持欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì),以促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,由此勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)規(guī)模增速放緩,回流趨勢明顯。本文首先對我國勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)的歷史沿革及特征進(jìn)行描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,接下來將我國分為四大區(qū)域,利用泰爾指數(shù)分析我國自改革開放以來(1978-2015年)不同階段區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差距的變動(dòng)趨勢,使用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度揭示勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展之間的關(guān)聯(lián)程度,然后利用2000-2015年我國31個(gè)省市面板數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)建固定效應(yīng)變截距模型,對勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差距的影響進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析,最后在理論和實(shí)證分析的基礎(chǔ)上,針對不同地區(qū)提出差別化政策建議。本文得出以下主要結(jié)論:第一,近些年我國勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)規(guī)模增速先高速增長后有所減緩,流動(dòng)勞動(dòng)力有回流趨勢,且流動(dòng)方向區(qū)域差異明顯。流動(dòng)勞動(dòng)力性別區(qū)域不平衡,新生代勞動(dòng)力成為主力軍,受教育程度以中等教育為主,性別、年齡使得職業(yè)分布也存在差異。第二,利用泰爾指數(shù)分析1978-2015年我國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差距的變動(dòng)趨勢,認(rèn)為自改革開放以來我國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差距呈先減小后增大再減小的“N”型趨勢,且區(qū)域內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)差距尤其是東部和西部區(qū)域內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)差距,是導(dǎo)致我國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差距的主要方面。第三,以總?cè)丝谂cGDP的關(guān)聯(lián)程度為基準(zhǔn),利用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析省內(nèi)流動(dòng)、跨省流動(dòng)和總流動(dòng)(省內(nèi)流動(dòng)+跨省流動(dòng))與GDP的關(guān)聯(lián)程度,得出省內(nèi)流動(dòng)、跨省流動(dòng)和總流動(dòng)與GDP的關(guān)聯(lián)程度均高于總?cè)丝谂cGDP的關(guān)聯(lián)程度,且跨省流動(dòng)與GDP的關(guān)聯(lián)程度高于省內(nèi)流動(dòng)與GDP的關(guān)聯(lián)程度。將我國按照四大區(qū)域?qū)ι鲜鲋笜?biāo)分別進(jìn)行灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度計(jì)算,得出2000年-2010年不同地區(qū)的跨省流動(dòng)與GDP的關(guān)聯(lián)程度以上升為主。第四,選取泰爾指數(shù)(T)為被解釋變量,勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)率(Lm)為解釋變量,人力資本存量(Edu)、物質(zhì)資本積累(Inv)、城市化水平(City)、財(cái)政支出(Fin)為控制變量,構(gòu)建面板數(shù)據(jù)模型進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析,得出:首先,在東部和中部,勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)縮小了區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差距,在西部和東北部,勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)擴(kuò)大了區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差距;其次,人力資本的積累以及城市化水平的提高,在促進(jìn)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長中發(fā)揮重要作用。本文認(rèn)為,勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)對我國各地區(qū)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)差距的影響不同,由此應(yīng)當(dāng)因地制宜,根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貏趧?dòng)力流動(dòng)對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展差距的具體影響提出相應(yīng)對策建議。針對東部和中部,完善相應(yīng)社會(huì)保障制度,同時(shí)提高跨省流動(dòng)勞動(dòng)力素質(zhì);針對西部和東北部,應(yīng)當(dāng)積極引導(dǎo)勞動(dòng)力回流,協(xié)調(diào)產(chǎn)業(yè)合理轉(zhuǎn)移。
[Abstract]:After reform and opening up, with the reform of economic system and the gradual relaxation of the regulation on the floating labor force, China has set off an upsurge of labor mobility, mainly from the central, western and northeast underdeveloped areas to the eastern developed areas. In order to cope with the imbalance of regional economy, the state has issued "the Great Development of the West", "the rise of the Central China" and "Revitalizing the Old Industrial Base in Northeast China". In order to promote the coordinated development of regional economy, the corresponding policies such as "counterpart aid Xinjiang" and other policies support the economy of less developed areas, thus slowing down the growth rate of the scale of labor flow. The reflux trend is obvious. Firstly, this paper makes a descriptive statistical analysis of the history and characteristics of labor mobility in China, and then divides our country into four regions. This paper analyzes the changing trend of regional economic gap in different stages of China since the reform and opening up to the outside world. The grey correlation degree is used to reveal the correlation between labor flow and regional economic development, and then the fixed effect variable intercept model is constructed by using the panel data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2000 to 2015. On the basis of the empirical analysis of the impact of labor mobility on the regional economic gap, the paper puts forward the differential policy recommendations for different regions on the basis of theoretical and empirical analysis. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first. In recent years, the growth rate of labor flow scale in our country first increased at a high speed and then slowed down, the floating labor force has a trend of return, and the regional difference of the flow direction is obvious, and the gender of the floating labor force is not balanced. The new generation of labor force become the main force, the education level is mainly secondary education, sex, age makes the career distribution is also different. Second. Based on the analysis of the trend of regional economic disparity in China from 1978 to 2015, it is concluded that the regional economic gap in China has decreased first and then increased and then decreased since the reform and opening up to the outside world. And the regional economic gap, especially in the eastern and western regions, is the main factor leading to the regional economic gap in China. Thirdly, the correlation between the total population and GDP is taken as the benchmark. Using the grey correlation degree to analyze the correlation degree between the flow in the province, the inter-provincial flow and the total flow (the inter-provincial flow and the inter-provincial flow) and the GDP, the flow in the province is obtained. The correlation degree between GDP and inter-provincial mobility and total mobility was higher than that between total population and GDP. Moreover, the correlation degree between inter-provincial mobility and GDP is higher than that between intra-provincial mobility and GDP. The grey correlation degree of the above indexes is calculated according to the four regions in China. From 2000 to 2010, the correlation degree between interprovincial flow and GDP was mainly increased. 4th, Tyr index was selected as the explanatory variable. The labor flow rate (Lm) is the explanatory variable, the human capital stock is equal to the Edury, the material capital accumulation is involute, the urbanization level is CityCy, and the fiscal expenditure is the control variable. First of all, in the east and the middle, labor mobility has narrowed the regional economic gap, and in the western and northeast, labor mobility has widened the regional economic gap; Secondly, the accumulation of human capital and the improvement of urbanization level play an important role in promoting China's economic growth. According to the specific impact of local labor mobility on the regional economic development gap, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions should be put forward, and the corresponding social security system should be improved for the eastern and central regions. At the same time, improve the quality of inter-provincial floating labor force; In view of the western and northeast, we should actively guide the return of labor force and coordinate the rational transfer of industries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F127;F249.27

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