本文關(guān)鍵詞： 資源環(huán)境 支撐能力 經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展 協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展度 塔吉克斯坦　出處：《新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指既滿足當(dāng)代人需求的同時(shí)，也不對后代人滿足其需求的能力造成危害的發(fā)展，是建立在經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、生態(tài)可持續(xù)性基礎(chǔ)上的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、人口與自然環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。而經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展在可持續(xù)發(fā)展系統(tǒng)中處于核心地位。經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的實(shí)質(zhì)是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不能超出資源環(huán)境的承載能力，是經(jīng)濟(jì)與資源環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。自然資源約束是指在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展過程中，由于自然資源供給數(shù)量的減少、質(zhì)量下降、開發(fā)利用難度變大和資源稟賦優(yōu)越所引起的自然資源供給短缺或過剩，對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長形成制約的現(xiàn)象。而自然資源可持續(xù)發(fā)展是可持續(xù)發(fā)展系統(tǒng)的重要基石。 塔吉克斯坦是位于中亞東南部的內(nèi)陸國家，境內(nèi)多高山，約占國土面積的93%；水利資源豐富，位列世界第八位，其儲藏量占中亞一半左右；礦產(chǎn)資源種類豐富，部分礦產(chǎn)資源儲量大，已發(fā)現(xiàn)400多個礦帶，探明有鉛鋅、金、鎢、銻、銀及錫等貴金屬，以及油氣及石鹽等50多種礦物質(zhì)，其中銀、鉛鋅、銻及石鹽等資源儲量居世界或亞洲前列。近些年，塔吉克斯坦經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率保持在7%以上，2013年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值為85億美元，一、二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)分別占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的21.1%、23.2%及55.7%。第三產(chǎn)業(yè)對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的拉動作用較大，而國內(nèi)消費(fèi)是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的主要動力，外債占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的25.4%。 本論文以可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論和自然資源約束理論為基礎(chǔ)，分析自然資源約束下塔吉克斯坦資源環(huán)境與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)系，探尋影響其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的主要問題，以期找到實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的對策。主要包括以下內(nèi)容：（1）自然資源對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的約束分析；（2）分別從塔吉克斯坦的水資源、土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、環(huán)境資源等方面對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的支撐能力進(jìn)行分析，并通過構(gòu)建評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，對其資源環(huán)境的綜合支撐能力進(jìn)行測算和分析；（3）在分析塔吉克斯坦經(jīng)濟(jì)增長特征的基礎(chǔ)上，對其經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的動力和質(zhì)量進(jìn)行定量分析；（4）構(gòu)建經(jīng)濟(jì)、資源環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的綜合評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，并運(yùn)用協(xié)調(diào)度模型，評價(jià)和分析塔吉克斯坦經(jīng)濟(jì)與資源環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展水平；（5）分析塔吉克斯坦經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展?jié)摿捌渲饕獑栴}；（6）借鑒發(fā)達(dá)國家可持續(xù)發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)，，探討塔吉克斯坦經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的階段特征，給出促進(jìn)其經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的對策措施。 通過以上分析，得出以下結(jié)論： 一是塔吉克斯坦自然資源中石油及天然氣資源、土地資源等十分短缺，對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展形成硬約束，而礦產(chǎn)資源多處于勘探開發(fā)階段，目前對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)水平較低。 二是塔吉克斯坦經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平低，對外依存度高，勞務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的主要支撐，2012年勞務(wù)匯款占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的48%。同時(shí)，工業(yè)發(fā)展滯后，工業(yè)產(chǎn)值占GDP比重低，占GDP的14.4%；城市化水平低，農(nóng)業(yè)就業(yè)人口比重高。與國際比較，塔吉克斯坦尚處于工業(yè)化起步階段。 三是塔吉克斯坦自然資源及環(huán)境的支撐能力體現(xiàn)在：①石油及天然氣資源、土地資源對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的支撐能力弱，而水資源、環(huán)境狀況、礦產(chǎn)物質(zhì)資源對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的支撐能力相對較強(qiáng)。②資源環(huán)境對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的綜合支撐能力較強(qiáng)，反映出塔吉克斯坦資源環(huán)境支撐經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的負(fù)荷低。 四是目前塔吉克斯坦經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展處于弱可持續(xù)性狀態(tài)。經(jīng)濟(jì)、資源環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)（發(fā)展）度測算結(jié)果顯示：塔吉克斯坦經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與資源環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)度較高，但協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展度較低，表明目前其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對資源環(huán)境的影響、損耗程度還較低，處于經(jīng)濟(jì)與資源環(huán)境低水平協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的狀態(tài)，對資源環(huán)境的利用效率也低。 鑒于以上分析，結(jié)合塔吉克斯坦資源環(huán)境狀況和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展能力，本文從推動工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整升級、積極發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)與服務(wù)業(yè)、發(fā)展民營經(jīng)濟(jì)、積極發(fā)展邊境走廊、加快人力資本積累、積極參加“絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶”建設(shè)等方面，給出塔吉克斯坦實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的對策。同時(shí)，為了擺脫或緩解資源環(huán)境對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的約束，塔吉克斯坦應(yīng)注重發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)，不僅可以保障可持續(xù)發(fā)展對策的實(shí)施，還可以提高經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對資源環(huán)境的利用率，減少對自然資源的開發(fā)。
[Abstract]:Sustainable development is to satisfy the needs of contemporary people at the same time, nor the ability of future generations to meet their needs of harm to the development, is based on economic, social and ecological sustainability based on economic, social and natural environment, the coordinated development of population and economy. The sustainable development is the core of sustainable development system the essence of sustainable economic development. Economic development is not beyond the capacity of resources and environment, coordinated development of economy and resource environment. Natural resources constraint refers to the process of economic and social development, due to reduced number of supply of natural resources utilization quality decreased, the difficulty of change and resource endowment advantages by nature resource shortage or excess of restricted economic growth. And the sustainable development of natural resources is an important foundation for the sustainable development of the system.
Tajikistan is a landlocked country located in southeastern Asia, the territory of mountains, about 93% of the total land area; water is rich in resources, ranked eighth in the world, accounting for about half of its reserves in Central Asia; mineral resources is abundant, some mineral resources reserves, has found more than 400 ore belt, proven lead-zinc, gold, tungsten, antimony and tin, silver and other precious metals, oil and gas and halite and other 50 kinds of minerals, including silver, zinc, antimony and halite reserves in the world and Asia. In recent years, Tajikistan's economic growth rate remained above 7% of GDP in 2013 to $8 billion 500 million, two, three respectively, the domestic industry gross production of 21.1%, 23.2% and third 55.7%. industry a greater role in boosting economic growth, while domestic consumption is the main driving force of economic growth, debt to GDP 25.4%.
This thesis is based on the theory of sustainable development and natural resources constraint theory, analysis of the relationship between economic development and resource environment in Tajikistan's natural resource constraints, to explore the main problems affecting its economic development, in order to find the countermeasures to realize the sustainable development of economy. Mainly includes the following contents: (1) analysis of the restriction of natural resources to economic development; (2) from the Tajikistan water resources, land resources, mineral resources, analysis of the ability to support economic growth and environment resources, and constructs the evaluation index system, comprehensive support capacity of the resource environment of the calculation and analysis; (3) based on the analysis of Tajikistan economic growth characteristics, quantitative analysis of the power and the quality of economic growth; (4) economic construction, the comprehensive evaluation index system of coordinated development of resources and environment, and use coordination degree model Type, evaluation and analysis of Tajikistan resources environment and economy coordinated development level; (5) analysis of the sustainable development of Tajikistan economy and its potential problems; (6) the sustainable development experience of developed countries for reference, to explore the stage characteristics of the sustainable development of Tajikistan economy, countermeasures are given to promote the sustainable development of economy.
Through the above analysis, the following conclusions are drawn.
First, Tajikistan's natural resources, such as oil and natural gas resources and land resources, are very scarce, which are hard constraints on economic development. Mineral resources are mostly in the stage of exploration and development. At present, their contribution to economic development is relatively low.
The two is the Tajikistan economic development level is low, high dependence on foreign labor, the economy is the main support for economic growth in 2012, workers' remittances to GDP 48%. at the same time, the industrial development lag, industrial output value accounted for the proportion of GDP accounted for 14.4% of GDP; low, low level of city, the proportion of agricultural employment population is high. And the international comparison. Tajikistan is still in the initial stage of industrialization.
The three is the ability to support the Tajikistan natural resources and the environment is reflected in the oil and gas resources, land resources to support economic growth ability is weak, and the water resources, environmental conditions, mineral material resources to support the capacity of economic growth is relatively strong. The resources and environment on economic growth and comprehensive supporting ability, reflecting Tajikistan resources and environment to support economic growth and low load.
The four is the economic development of Tajikistan is in a weak state. The sustainable economy, resources and environment coordination (Development) of the calculation results show that: the Tajikistan economic development and resources and the environment coordination degree is higher, but the coordinated development degree is low, which indicates that the current economic impact on the resource environment, consumption level is still relatively low, in the economic and the low level of resources and environment coordinated development of the state, the utilization efficiency of resources and the environment is low.
In view of the above analysis, combined with the Tajikistan resources and environment condition and economic development, this paper promote the upgrading of industrial structure adjustment, and actively develop modern agriculture and service industry, the development of private economy, and actively develop border corridor, accelerate the accumulation of human capital, and actively participate in the "Silk Road Economic Belt" construction, and puts forward countermeasures for realizing the sustainable development of economy in Tajikistan at the same time, in order to get rid of or ease the resource and environmental constraints on economic development, Tajikistan should focus on the development of circular economy, the implementation can not only guarantee the sustainable development strategy, but also can improve the economic development and utilization of resources environment, reduce the exploitation of natural resources.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F136.5


本文編號：1445385