本文關(guān)鍵詞：科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件影響因素與水平評(píng)價(jià)研究　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 科技參與應(yīng)對(duì) 重大突發(fā)事件 影響因素 水平評(píng)價(jià) 集成策略

【摘要】：綜觀整個(gè)世界的歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)，相當(dāng)多的國(guó)家和地區(qū)都曾發(fā)生過(guò)重大突發(fā)事件。凡在自然領(lǐng)域或人類社會(huì)領(lǐng)域突然發(fā)生過(guò)的諸如重大自然災(zāi)害事件或重大事故災(zāi)害事件或重大公共衛(wèi)生事件，幾乎都曾給人類造成過(guò)損失或重大損害。面向未來(lái)，盡管人類非常期盼不發(fā)生或能防控重大突發(fā)事件，但近代連續(xù)不斷發(fā)生的重大突發(fā)事件，不僅讓人類看到了依據(jù)目前的能力還很難避免重大突發(fā)事件的發(fā)生，，還很難避免凡發(fā)生重大突發(fā)事件幾乎都會(huì)給人類造成不同程度的損失或重大損害，而且還看到了面對(duì)未來(lái)可能發(fā)生的重大突發(fā)事件，雖然不能輕易放棄傳統(tǒng)的應(yīng)對(duì)方法，但更重要的則是必須高度重視并突出科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件。 近年來(lái)，雖然我國(guó)的科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件，有的已經(jīng)取得了明顯的效果，但仍然存在一些急需研究解決的前瞻性問(wèn)題，如科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件意識(shí)相對(duì)不強(qiáng)問(wèn)題、科技投入相對(duì)不足問(wèn)題、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)品研發(fā)速度相對(duì)較慢與儲(chǔ)備不足及配置水平相對(duì)較低問(wèn)題，有的重大突發(fā)事件的預(yù)測(cè)與預(yù)報(bào)水平相對(duì)較低問(wèn)題、防控能力相對(duì)較低問(wèn)題、應(yīng)急管理水平相對(duì)較低問(wèn)題、對(duì)策策略不能適時(shí)集成出臺(tái)等問(wèn)題。依據(jù)前人圍繞上述問(wèn)題的目前研究不足及應(yīng)當(dāng)研究的迫切性，本文在借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，利用多種相關(guān)最新理論和研究方法，對(duì)與上述問(wèn)題中具有很強(qiáng)內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系的科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件的基礎(chǔ)理論問(wèn)題、影響因素問(wèn)題、最優(yōu)路徑先擇問(wèn)題、有效協(xié)同問(wèn)題、科技資源優(yōu)化配置問(wèn)題、科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件水平評(píng)價(jià)問(wèn)題及提高科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件水平策略等問(wèn)題，開(kāi)展了理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的深入系統(tǒng)研究，有助于推動(dòng)科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件理論體系的進(jìn)一步豐富和完善，并為科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件的決策主體提供借鑒。 在分析并界定了圍繞重大突發(fā)事件與突發(fā)事件、科技參與和科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)等相關(guān)概念及其相互關(guān)系等問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)上，剖析并明確界定了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件的概念與機(jī)理，重大突發(fā)事件選擇科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)的前置條件，科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件的特點(diǎn)與優(yōu)性表現(xiàn)、階段劃分與應(yīng)對(duì)目標(biāo)、應(yīng)對(duì)主體及其應(yīng)具備的資格要件等基礎(chǔ)理論問(wèn)題。 在分析了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件影響因素的識(shí)別視角與識(shí)別原則的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步分析了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件在預(yù)防與應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備階段、在應(yīng)急處置與救援階段、在恢復(fù)與重建階段及全過(guò)程的影響因素，并結(jié)合不同階段影響因素的分析，分別構(gòu)建了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件在預(yù)防與應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備階段、應(yīng)急處置與救援階段、恢復(fù)與重建階段及全過(guò)程影響因素的影響關(guān)系模型并進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析。 在深入分析了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件最優(yōu)應(yīng)對(duì)路徑選擇功能性重要性，并從多視角對(duì)科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件的最優(yōu)應(yīng)對(duì)路徑選擇進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上，探討了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件最優(yōu)應(yīng)對(duì)路徑選擇的參與主體和最佳選擇主體及其應(yīng)遵循的選擇原則；系統(tǒng)的分別探討了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件在預(yù)防與應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備階段、應(yīng)急處置與救援階段、恢復(fù)與重建階段及全過(guò)程應(yīng)開(kāi)展的應(yīng)對(duì)活動(dòng)事項(xiàng)，并基于不同階段的不同層級(jí)應(yīng)開(kāi)展的活動(dòng)事項(xiàng)，分別構(gòu)建了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件在預(yù)防與應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備階段、應(yīng)急處置與救援階段、恢復(fù)與重建階段及全過(guò)程的最優(yōu)應(yīng)對(duì)路徑模型。 在剖析了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件有效協(xié)同背景的基礎(chǔ)上，深入分析了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件過(guò)程中有效協(xié)同的主體、有效協(xié)同的客體、有效協(xié)同的目標(biāo)，并構(gòu)建了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件有效協(xié)同模型。 在剖析了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件所需科技資源基本涵義應(yīng)具備的特征并構(gòu)建了特征模型的基礎(chǔ)上，深入分析了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件所需科技資源的種類劃分及取向，剖析了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件所需科技資源優(yōu)化配置體系構(gòu)成并構(gòu)建了科技資源優(yōu)化配置模型。 在探討了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件水平評(píng)價(jià)背景與評(píng)價(jià)主體及評(píng)價(jià)原則與評(píng)價(jià)目的，分析了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件水平評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系構(gòu)成與構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)模型的基礎(chǔ)上，構(gòu)建了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件各系統(tǒng)水平評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系及水平評(píng)價(jià)模型，并進(jìn)行了實(shí)證。 基于前文研究，圍繞如何提高科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件水平問(wèn)題，分析了科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件水平提高應(yīng)選擇的集成策略。 本文有助于進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件諸多問(wèn)題的繼續(xù)深入研究，有助于為圍繞科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件諸多問(wèn)題研究提供相應(yīng)的研究參考，有助于推動(dòng)科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件活動(dòng)的深入開(kāi)展，有助于科技參與應(yīng)對(duì)重大突發(fā)事件水平的不斷提高，有助于維護(hù)我國(guó)的公共安全并促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)的和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:According to the history and reality of the whole world, many countries and regions have experienced major emergencies. Where natural areas or areas of human society suddenly occurred such as major natural disasters or major accidents disasters or major public health incidents, almost have caused by human losses or serious damage for the future. Although the human, does not occur or can look forward to the prevention and control of major emergencies, but in major emergencies happening continuously, not only let the human see on the basis of the current capacity is also very difficult to avoid major emergencies, it is difficult to avoid the occurrence of major emergencies where almost all will cause varying degrees of loss or damage to major human beings, but also to see the face of major emergencies that may occur in the future, although can not easily give up the traditional methods of coping, but more important is a must Attach great importance to and highlight the participation of science and technology in response to major emergencies.
In recent years, although in response to major emergencies of science and technology of our country, and some have achieved remarkable results, but there are still some problems to be solved urgently in the forward-looking, such as participation in emergency response technology awareness is not strong, and relatively insufficient investment, key technology and product development speed is relatively slow and insufficient reserves the configuration and the relatively low level of problem, prediction and forecast the level of some major emergencies is relatively low, control ability is relatively low, the emergency management level is relatively low, not timely introduction of integrated strategies and other issues. Based on the urgency of current research problems and researches should focus on these issues, in this paper the basis of relevant research results at home and abroad, using a variety of the latest theories and research methods, has a strong internal and on these issues The basic theoretical problems involved in responding to major emergencies the logical relations between science and technology, influence factors, the optimal path selection problem, effective coordination problem, optimal allocation of resources of science and technology, science and technology and science and technology should be involved in improving the participation of major emergencies level strategy problem of emergency response level evaluation, carried out theoretical and systematic research the combination of practice, help to promote the technology involved in the emergency response system to further enrich and improve the theory, and provide reference for participation in the emergency response technology decision-making body.
In the analysis and define the focus on major emergencies and emergencies in basic science and technology and science and technology in response to the related concepts and their relationship problems, analyze and define the concept and mechanism involved in emergency response technology, pre conditions of major emergencies in response to the selection of science and technology, characteristics and performance in optimization emergency response technology, stage division and the response to the target, the basic theory to deal with the problem of the subject and should have the qualifications.
In the analysis of the technology involved in the identification and recognition of the principle of perspective based on influential factors to deal with major emergencies, further analysis in response to major emergencies in the prevention and emergency preparation technology in emergency response and rescue phase factors in the restoration and reconstruction stage and the influence of the whole process, and combined with the analysis of the factors affecting different stages, were constructed in response to major emergencies in the prevention and emergency preparation technology, emergency response and rescue, recovery and reconstruction and the whole process affect the relation model and in the empirical analysis.
In depth analysis of the technology involved in the functional importance of emergency response to optimal path selection, and carries on the analysis from foundation to participate in the emergency response and the optimal path to deal with multi angle of view, discusses the main participants and the best choice in the main technology to respond to major emergencies and chooses the optimal path to deal with and choice principles according to the system were discussed; in response to major emergencies in the prevention and emergency preparation technology, emergency response and rescue stage, coping activities recovery and reconstruction and the whole process should be carried out, and based on the activities of different levels in different stages should be carried out, were constructed in response to major emergencies in the prevention with the emergency preparation technology, emergency response and rescue phase, the optimal path to deal with the restoration and reconstruction of the stage and the whole process Model.
Based on analyzing the technology involved in the emergency response coordination background, in-depth analysis of the main effective collaborative technology involved in the emergency response process, the object of effective coordination, effective coordination, and the construction of the science and technology involved in the emergency response coordination model.
In the analysis of the characteristics of science and technology in response to major emergencies required for scientific and technological resources should have the basic meaning and the construction of the basic features of the model, in-depth analysis of the classification and orientation of science and technology in response to major emergencies for science and technology resources, analyzes the technology of major emergencies should be involved in the need of scientific and technological resources optimized disposition system and the construction of the model of optimal allocation of resources of science and technology.
After discussing the principle and evaluation of science and technology in the emergency response level evaluation of background and evaluation and assessment of the main objective, analyzing the technology involved in the emergency response level constitute the evaluation index system and structure model, construction technology in response to major emergencies and evaluation of the system level evaluation index system and model, and the empirical.
Based on the previous research, focusing on how to improve the participation of science and technology in dealing with the level of major emergencies, this paper analyzes the integration strategy that science and technology should participate in coping with the level of major emergencies.
In this paper, a further study helps to further promote technology in response to major emergencies problems, help to focus on science and technology in response to major emergencies on many problems to provide the corresponding reference research, helps to promote science and technology to participate in emergency response activities, contribute to the technology involved in the emergency response level the continuous improvement of public safety, contribute to the maintenance of our country and promote economic and social sustainable and harmonious development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F124.3;D63

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 褚冠全,孫金華;人員疏散準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間及其對(duì)火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估結(jié)果的影響[J];安全與環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào);2005年03期

2 廖遠(yuǎn)u&,劉弘;公共安全突發(fā)事件的探測(cè)分析——利用方差多變點(diǎn)分析技術(shù)對(duì)SARS疫情的研究[J];財(cái)經(jīng)研究;2003年11期

3 龔瑞昆 ,王紹玉 ,顧建華 ,張世奇;災(zāi)時(shí)應(yīng)急心理救助技術(shù)與方法(1)——激情宣泄技術(shù)[J];城市與減災(zāi);2003年03期

4 蘇桂武,高慶華;自然災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的分析要素[J];地學(xué)前緣;2003年S1期

5 耿文奎;劉德誠(chéng);卓家同;黃林;韋輝;;減少和降低公共衛(wèi)生突發(fā)事件危害措施效果的評(píng)價(jià)[J];中國(guó)公共衛(wèi)生管理;2006年02期

6 韓麗麗;;突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對(duì)型社會(huì)政策制定模式的影響因素分析[J];甘肅社會(huì)科學(xué);2010年04期

7 常志朋;程龍生;;突發(fā)事件下應(yīng)急物資對(duì)外采購(gòu)能力評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系研究[J];工業(yè)安全與環(huán)保;2012年11期

8 吳興軍;公共危機(jī)管理的基本特征與機(jī)制構(gòu)建[J];華東經(jīng)濟(jì)管理;2004年03期

9 姜卉;黃鈞,;;罕見(jiàn)重大突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急實(shí)時(shí)決策中的情景演變[J];華中科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2009年01期

10 陳志宗;尤建新;;重大突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急救援設(shè)施選址的多目標(biāo)決策模型[J];管理科學(xué);2006年04期

本文編號(hào)：1428804