本文關(guān)鍵詞：“中等收入陷阱”與中國(guó)收入分配制度改革研究　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：世界銀行于2006年提出了“中等收入陷阱”的概念，而自這一概念問(wèn)世以來(lái)，人們對(duì)它的關(guān)注就沒(méi)有停止。中國(guó)在2001年由低收入跨入中等收入階段，2010年又由下中等收入上升到上中等收入階段。歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，中等收入階段是一個(gè)矛盾疊出、艱難前行的時(shí)期。大多數(shù)發(fā)展中國(guó)家進(jìn)入中等收入階段后，經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期徘徊于低水平，甚至倒退不前，這即落入“陷阱”；但也有少數(shù)國(guó)家和地區(qū)成功規(guī)避“中等收入陷阱”，順利實(shí)現(xiàn)向高收入階段的跨越。 導(dǎo)致“中等收入陷阱”的因素很多，可以說(shuō)，它是諸多因素綜合作用的結(jié)果。已有不少學(xué)者從政府政策、經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)乃至制度視角對(duì)這一問(wèn)題展開(kāi)研究。而本文著意抓住“中等收入陷阱”風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與中國(guó)收入分配制度改革的問(wèn)題加以探討�！爸械仁杖胂葳濉憋L(fēng)險(xiǎn)與收入分配制度的不完善有相關(guān)性。其一，收入分配制度缺陷導(dǎo)致的一個(gè)直接后果是居民收入差距持續(xù)擴(kuò)大，而這一方面影響居民消費(fèi)，使中低收入者的消費(fèi)需求因其收入不足而無(wú)法轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)需求；另一方面，收入差距過(guò)大會(huì)抑制投資的增長(zhǎng)。居民實(shí)際消費(fèi)不能大幅提高，企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的動(dòng)力就會(huì)減弱，從而影響投資的增長(zhǎng)。無(wú)論是消費(fèi)還是投資都是拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)力，而二者的減弱都會(huì)造成經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)乏力。其二，從中國(guó)收入分配制度本身的缺陷來(lái)看，一是中國(guó)個(gè)人所得稅稅負(fù)過(guò)重，影響居民的消費(fèi)能力和對(duì)政府改革的支持力度；二是企業(yè)所得稅不合理也會(huì)加重中小企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)，制約企業(yè)參與市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的能力；三是再分配機(jī)制不完善，比如政府的轉(zhuǎn)移支付存在問(wèn)題、公共產(chǎn)品及服務(wù)方面的支出不足、教育投入受到限制等，都會(huì)阻礙社會(huì)的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步，影響經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。所以收入分配制度的完善與否是一國(guó)能否順利跨越中等收入階段的關(guān)鍵因素之一。國(guó)際范圍內(nèi)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)也證明，拉美國(guó)家落入“中等收入陷阱”與他們分配制度的缺陷不無(wú)關(guān)系。分配制度的負(fù)效應(yīng)影響了拉美國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)；而相反，那些成功跨越“中等收入陷阱”的國(guó)家和地區(qū)都非常重視分配制度的完善與其效應(yīng)。 因此，，中國(guó)要規(guī)避“中等收入陷阱”風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，必須重視對(duì)收入分配制度進(jìn)行改革與完善。政府進(jìn)行分配制度改革的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是提高居民收入、縮小收入差距、改善分配格局、重構(gòu)分配秩序；分配制度改革的關(guān)鍵是以初次分配制度的改革為主，輔以再分配制度進(jìn)行全面系統(tǒng)的改革；分配制度改革的切入點(diǎn)是提高勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬比重，改善初次分配狀況，并完善稅收制度，加強(qiáng)稅收的調(diào)節(jié)作用。
[Abstract]:The World Bank put forward the concept of "middle-income trap" in 2006, and since its inception, people have not stopped paying attention to it. China moved from low income to middle income in 2001. In 2010, it rose from lower middle income to upper middle income. Historical experience shows that the middle income stage is a period of overlapping contradictions and difficult moving forward. Most developing countries have entered the middle income stage. If the economy hovers at a low level for a long time, or even goes backwards, it will fall into a "trap". But there are also a few countries and regions successfully avoid the "middle-income trap", the smooth realization of the high-income stage of leapfrogging. There are many factors leading to the "middle-income trap", it can be said that it is the result of many factors. From the perspective of economic structure and institution, this paper focuses on the risk of "middle-income trap" and the reform of China's income distribution system. "Middle-Income Trap" is discussed in this paper. There is a correlation between risk and the imperfection of income distribution system. One direct consequence of the defect of income distribution system is that the income gap of residents continues to expand, and on the one hand, it affects the consumption of residents and makes the consumption demand of middle and low income people unable to change into real demand because of their insufficient income. On the other hand, the income gap is too large to restrain the growth of investment. The real consumption of residents can not be greatly increased, and the driving force of enterprise production will be weakened. Thus affect the growth of investment. Whether consumption or investment is the driving force of economic growth, and the weakening of both will cause economic growth. Second, from the defects of China's income distribution system itself. First, China's individual income tax burden is too heavy, affecting the consumption capacity of residents and government reform support; Second, the unreasonable enterprise income tax will also increase the burden of small and medium-sized enterprises, restricting the ability of enterprises to participate in market competition; Third, the mechanism of redistribution is not perfect, such as the problems of government transfer payment, the insufficient expenditure on public goods and services, and the restriction of education investment, all of which will hinder the development and progress of the society. Therefore, whether the income distribution system is perfect or not is one of the key factors that a country can smoothly cross the middle income stage. The fact that Latin American countries fall into the "middle income trap" has something to do with the defects of their distribution system, and the negative effects of the distribution system affect the sustainable economic growth of Latin American countries. On the contrary, countries and regions that successfully overcome the "middle-income trap" attach great importance to the perfection of distribution system and its effect. Therefore, in order to avoid the risk of "middle income trap", China must pay attention to the reform and perfection of income distribution system. The goal of government reform should be to increase residents' income and narrow the income gap. Improving the distribution pattern and reconstructing the distribution order; The key of the reform of the distribution system is the reform of the initial distribution system, supplemented by the comprehensive and systematic reform of the redistribution system. The starting point of the reform of distribution system is to increase the proportion of labor reward, to improve the initial distribution, to perfect the tax system and to strengthen the regulation of taxation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7

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